Political, Social, Religious and Economic Challenges in the Middle East and North Africa From Covid-19 to Agenda 2030

Introduction
Flavia Cortelezzi, Alessandro Ferrari and Jinan Limam

Part 1: From the Heart of the Arab Spring: Tunisia and Egypt Facing the Challenge of Constitutional Democracy

1. Ten Years of Legislation on Rights and Freedoms in Tunisia 2011-2021: What a Sad End!
   Wahid Ferchichi
2. Islam in the New Tunisian Constitution of 25 July 2022: Towards a New Paradigm?
   Jinan Limam
3. From a Revolution Driven by Democratic Aspirations to Variants of the Conservative Revolution
   Mohamed Chérif Ferjani
4. Al-Azhar and Politics in Egypt in the Post-Arab Spring: Understanding Current Transformations in Al-Azhar's Position within State–Society Relations in Egypt 2011–2021
   Mohamed Gamal Ali
5. The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Thirteen Years after the Arab Spring: Dynamics, Challenges, and the Future
   Wael Saleh and Hamad Al-Hosani
6. The Issue of Citizenship in Egypt Ten Years after the Arab Spring. A Minority's Perspective
   Anna Hager

Part 2: Ten Years Later: Towards a New Mediterranean

1. Reinvention of the Religious Field and Institutional Resilience in Post-2011 Morocco
   Abdelhamid Benkhattab
2. Women and Elections in Algeria: The Silent War. An Epiphenomenon in the History of a Country
   Ouiza Galleze
3. Turkish Foreign Policy and the Arab Springs: An Indicator of an Ideological Shift?
   Tolga Bilener
4. The 2020 Constitutional Amendment in Algeria
   Zahia Aissa
5. Personalist Secularism or Confederation under International Protection
   Amin Elias
6. The Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together: The Soft Power of Pope Francis
   John J. Coughlin
7. The Document on Human Fraternity and the "Arab Springs": A Challenge from an Expanded Mediterranean
   Alessandro Ferrari

Part 3: Exploring the Current State of MENA Regions: From COVID-19 to Agenda 2030 and the International Economic Relation

1. The European Union's Neighbourhood Policy and the Mediterranean Countries. The Union for the Mediterranean
   Lucio Landi
2. European Economies and Middle East and North Africa Regions: A Synthesis
   Flavia Cortelezzi
3. The Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Southern Eastern Mediterranean Countries
   Sara Ronco, Yeganeh Forouheshfar and Sandra Challita
4. Turkiye's Trade with the South Mediterranean Region: Bilateral Flows, Political Shocks, and Currency Effects
   Necdet Saǧlam
5. Which Future for the Gulf? The Main Long-Term Economic Challenges for the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
   Angela Di Maria and Gennaro Fusco
6. The Gulf Cooperation Council Energy Transition: Global Expectations and the Search for New Economic Models
   Stephen Scalet

Biography

Flavia Cortelezzi is Associate Professor of Political Economy in the Department of Law, Economics and Culture, at the University of Insubria (Varese and Como,
Italy) and Deputy Director of the Research Centre “Religion, Law and Economy in the Mediterranean Space” (REDESM) at the same University.

Alessandro Ferrari is Full Professor of Law and Religion at the University of Insubria (Varese and Como, Italy) and Director of the Research Centre “Religion,
Law and Economy in the Mediterranean Space” (REDESM) at the same University.

Jinan Limam is Associate Professor in Public Law at the Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences in Tunis.