Post-2022 Russian War Migration and Host Country Policies

1. Introduction: Rethinking Russian War Migration Beyond Borders

Tomasz Rawski, Zuzanna Bogumił, and Katarzyna Roman-Rawska

Part 1. Unwelcoming Country Policies

2. Divided Loyalties: Russian-Speaking Minorities and New Migrants in Estonia

Raili Nugin

3. Struggling in the Shadows: Post-2022 Russian Migrants in Unwelcoming Poland

Tomasz Rawski

Part 2. Moderate and Intricate Policies

4. “Unnoticed migration” in Finland: From Transit Migration to Border Closure

Olga Davydova-Minguet and Anna Sokolova

5. Parallel Lives after Empire: Russian(s) in Public Space of Georgia and Local Responses

Mariam Darchiashvili and Ketevan Gurchiani

6. The Impact of the Russian “Special Military Operation” and Mobilization on Mongolia

Byambabaatar Ichinkhorloo

Part 3. Relatively Open-Door Policies

7. From Holiday Destination to Living Space: Post-February 2022 Russian Migration to Türkiye

Mustafa Berkay Aydın, Tamilla Şahin, and Tomasz Rawski

8. Open-Door Policies, Isolated Lives: Armenia’s Transit Role in Russian War Immigration

Sona Nersisyan

9. Between Hospitality and Hostility. Russian War Migrants in Kazakhstan

Caress Schenk and Nikita Mishakov

10. Afterword: From Emergency to Entrenchment

Zuzanna Bogumił

Biography

Tomasz Rawski is a political and cultural sociologist, and is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Sociology, University of Warsaw, Poland. His research focus is on memory politics, nationalism/war and state socialism in contemporary Eastern Europe and beyond. He published Pathways to Agonism. Disputed Territories and Memory (2025, with C. Horvath) and Bosniak Nationalism. Nation-Building Strategies After 1995 (2019, in Polish), as well as articles in renowned international journals. Rawski participated in international projects on memory politics and wars, including H2020: DisTerrMem (leader of the Polish team) and H2020: REPAST. He was a visiting scholar at University College London, Uppsala University, University of Bologna and others. 

Zuzanna Bogumił works at the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology at the University of Warsaw. She specializes in memory studies with a special focus on memories of Soviet repressions and the entanglements between memory and region in Central and Eastern Europe. Among her books are: More than Alive: The Dead, Orthodoxy and Remembrance in Post-Soviet Russia (with T. Voronina, 2023), Gulag Memories: The Rediscovery and Commemoration of Russia's Repressive Past (2018).

Katarzyna Roman-Rawska is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. She is a literary scholar, sociologist, publicist, as well as literary author and translator. Roman-Rawska published The Dormition of Anisa (2024, in Polish) and The New Realism in Post-1991 Russian Literary Field (2020, in Polish), among other publications. She works on the intersection of culture and politics as well as anti-regime and anti-war resistance in contemporary Russia.