Practical Controls
A Guide To Mechanical Systems
Preview
Book Description
Geared toward the HVAC professional, Practical Controls: A Guide to Mechanical Systems provides a solid foundation and well-rounded understanding of the role of controls in mechanical systems design and installation. This book takes a concise look at HVAC controls and controls methods - including electrical, electronic, and microprocessor-based controls and control systems. Using "real world" examples, it explores how various mechanical systems installed in today's facilities are best controlled. The text is a practical resource to controls contracting, providing basic rules, equipment guidelines, rules of thumb, pros and cons, and do's and don'ts.
Table of Contents
Forward
Introduction
Mechanical Systems
Controls and Control Systems
Mechanical Systems and Equipment Overview
Airside Systems and Equipment
Waterside Systems and Equipment
Miscellaneous Systems and Equipment
Introduction to Controls: Methods of Control
Control Methods
Two-Position Control
Staged Control
Proportional Control
P+I and PID Control
Floating Control
Sensors and Controllers
Sensors
Controllers: A General Description
Single-stage or Two-position Controllers
Multistage Controllers and Thermostats
Proportional and Floating Controllers
DDC Controllers
Safety Devices
End Devices
Relays and Contactors
Starters
Dampers and Actuators
Control Valves
Variable Frequency Drives
Common Control Schemes
Reset
Night Setback and Morning Warm-up
Economizer Operation
1/3, 2/3 Control of Steam
Face/Bypass Damper Control
Dehumidification
Primary/Backup Operation
Lead/Lag Operation
Intermission
Rooftop Units
Single Zone Systems
Reheat Systems
RTU Zoning Systems
VAV Systems
Make-up Air Units
Packaged Make-up Air Units
100 Percent Outside Air
Packaged Make-up Air Units
Return Air Capabilitie
Built Up Make-up Air Units with Electric Heating
Built Up Make-up Air Units with Steam Heating
Make-up Air Units—Addition of Cooling
Fan Coil Units
Staged Control of Both Heating and Cooling
Staged Heating and Proportional Cooling
(or Vice Versa)
Proportional Heating and Cooling
Dual-Temp or Two-Pipe Systems
Built Up Air Handling Units
Basic Components
Common Controls
Formulas and Analysis Tools
Single Zone Systems
Reheat Systems
VAV Systems
Typical Sequences of Operation
Ventilation Strategies
RTU Zoning Systems and
Stand-alone Zone Dampers
System Components
Operational Characteristics
Typical RTZ System Sequence of Operation
Stand-alone Zone Dampers
VAV and Fan Powered Boxes
Types of VAV and Fan Powered Boxes
Cooling-only VAV Boxes
VAV Boxes With Electric Reheat
VAV Boxes With Hot Water Reheat
Fan Powered Boxes With Electric or Hot Water Heat ..
Constant Volume Terminal Units
Typical Sequences of Operation
Reheat Coils
Electric Reheat Coils
Hot Water and Steam Reheat Coils
Exhaust Fans and Systems
Manually Controlled Exhaust
Interlocked Exhaust
Time-of-Day Controlled Exhaust
Temperature and Pressure Controlled Exhaust
Pumps and Pumping Systems
Single Pump Systems
Two and Three Pump Systems
Variable Frequency Drive Pumping Systems
Primary/Secondary Pumping Systems
System Bypass Control
Boilers
Hot Water Boilers—Single Boiler Systems
Hot Water Boilers—Systems with Multiple Boilers
Steam Boilers—Single and Multiple Boiler Systems
Combustion Air
Chillers
Air Cooled Chillers
Split System Chillers
Water Cooled Chillers
Multiple Chiller Systems
Refrigerant Monitoring/Ventilation Systems
Heat Exchangers
Steam-to-Water Heat Exchangers
Water-to-Water Heat Exchangers
Humidifiers
Steam-utilizing Humidifiers
Steam-generating Humidifiers
Unitary Heating Equipment
Unit Heaters
Cabinet Unit Heaters and Wall Heaters
Baseboard Heaters
Computer Room A/C Systems
Air Cooled Systems
Tower Water Systems
Glycol Cooled Systems
Water Cooled Systems
Water Cooled Equipment
Condenser Water Systems
Conclusion
Appendices
Formulas
Control Symbols Abbreviations
Glossary