1st Edition
Practices, Education and Technology in Audiovisual Translation
This book explores the intersections of education and technology in audiovisual translation, unpacking the evolution of AVT ecosystems and looking ahead to future directions for the role of technology in the translation industry and higher education.
The volume begins by outlining a holistic account of audiovisual translation scholarship, which includes work on subtitling and dubbing but which has grown to encompass a wider range of practices in light of new technologies, before looking at the current landscape of translator education, including greater interest in distance education and AVT-centered curriculum design. These foundations set the stage for an examination of technological inroads which have permeated AVT practice, including the rise of cloud-based technologies and their use by major media companies. Bolaños draws parallels between these developments to demonstrate the ways in which new tools can help the ever-evolving needs of both the translation industry and higher education and in turn, foster industry-academia collaboration and the growth of new technologies through investment at the pedagogical level.
This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners in translation studies, particularly those working in audiovisual translation, translation technologies, and translator training.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
2. Practices
2.1. Audiovisual Translation as a Professional Practice
2.1.1. Industry Size and Context
2.1.2. Media Localisation Workflows
2.1.3. Media Consumption Habits and Trends
2.2. Audiovisual Translation as an Academic Discipline
2.3. Media Localisation Practices
2.3.1. Revoicing
2.3.1.1. Dubbing and Partial Dubbing
2.3.1.2. Voiceover and Narration
2.3.1.3. Interpreting and Sign Language
2.3.1.4. Audio Description
2.3.1.5. Free Commentary
2.3.1.6. Remakes
2.3.1.7. Amateur Dubbing
2.3.2. Subtitling
2.3.2.1. Interlingual Subtitling
2.3.2.2. Intralingual Subtitling
2.3.2.3. Surtitling
2.3.2.4. Live Subtitling
2.3.2.5. Integrated Subtitles
2.3.2.6. Amateur Subtitling
2.4. Audiovisual Translation Quality Standards and Evaluation
3. Education
3.1. Current Learning and Teaching Approaches in Higher Education Scholarship
3.1.3. Outcomes-based Education Framework
3.1.2. Learning Spaces and Teaching Delivery
3.1.3. Education Quality Evaluation
3.2. Translator Education and Training Approaches
3.2.1. Task-based Learning
3.2.2. Socio-constructivism, Project-based and Situated Learning Experiences
3.3. Translation Competence
3.3.1. Competence in Translation Studies
3.3.2. Competence in Audiovisual Translation
3.4. Translation Assessment
3.4.1. Assessment in Translation Studies
3.4.1.1. Types of Assessment Tasks
3.4.1.2. Marking Criteria and Rubrics
3.4.2. Assessment in Audiovisual Translation
3.5. Provision of Specialist Audiovisual Translation Education
3.5.1. Programmes of Study on Audiovisual Translation
3.5.2. Learning Technologies and Didactic Projects
3.5.3. Curriculum Design Challenges
3.6. Rethinking and Reshaping Audiovisual Translation Education
3.6.1. What is Taught? Industry- and Research-led Education
3.6.2. Who Teaches? Training the Trainers
3.6.3. Where to Teach? Training Institutions
3.6.4. How to Teach? Learning and Teaching Delivery Methods
3.6.5. Why Teach? Future Training Landscapes
4. Technology
4.1. From Desktop and Legacy Software to Cloud Ecosystems
4.1.1. The Development of Cloud Computing
4.1.2. The Migration of Translation Technologies to the Cloud
4.2. Audiovisual Translators’ Workstations
4.2.1. Media Localisation Editors
4.2.1.1. Revoicing Editors
4.2.1.2. Subtitling Editors
4.2.2. Translation Memory and Machine Translation Systems
4.2.2.1. Translation Memory
4.2.2.2. Machine Translation
4.2.3. Automatic Speech Systems
4.2.3.1. Speech-to-Text
4.2.3.2. Text-to-Speech
4.2.3.3. Speech-to-Speech and Automatic Dubbing
4.2.4. Project Management and Translation Quality Assessment
4.3. The Emergence and Consolidation of Cloud Technologies
4.3. Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models
4.4. Examples of Media Localisation Systems and Editors
4.4.1. Subtitling and Closed Captioning: OOONA Tools and OOONA Edu
4.4.1.1. Creating and Translating Subtitle Templates
4.4.1.2. Reviewing, Converting and Burning Subtitles
4.4.2. Dubbing and Voiceover: ZOOdubs
4.4.3. Audio Description: YellaUmbrella
4.4.4. Language Learning Platforms: TRADILEX
5. Conclusions
Index
Biography
Alejandro Bolaños García-Escribano is Associate Professor in Audiovisual Translation at University College London (UCL), UK.
"No one like the author of this book – a scholar, a teacher and a professional in the field of audiovisual translation – can better testify to the technological turn that this discipline has undergone in the past few years, catering for both educators’ and students’ needs with a practical approach to the use of industry-led tools. This rich and agile monograph on audiovisual translation practices is based on a solid theoretical framework and years of research into technologically advanced instruments used for teaching and learning purposes."
- Irene Ranzato, Sapienza Università di Roma
"This exquisitely conceived monograph touches on the ins and outs of audiovisual translation and delves into a vast array of industry practices, pedagogical initiatives, and cutting-edge technologies. Unravelling the transformative power of technology in general, and cloud ecosystems in particular, and through the eyes of a seasoned professional and educator, this book allows readers to rethink media localization education by looking at its present and future."
- Frederic Chaume, Universitat Jaume I
"Bolaños García-Escribano’s monograph takes readers to the exciting and ever-changing state of audiovisual translation practice, education and technology, but also gives indications of how the future may look in a world where artificial intelligence plays an ever-increasing role and the media localisation industry is dominated by streaming services. This research-based book examines the practices of audiovisual translation, delves into educational approaches, and sheds light on new technologies used in both practices and higher education, without which neither of the two would be possible. This prolific scholar has given us a book that will feature among the go-to reference monographs for practitioners, educators, technology developers, and anyone interested in audiovisual translation in the years to come."
- Kristijan Nikolić, University of Zagreb
"Bolaños García-Escribano’s new book provides an updated and informed overview of current practices and pedagogies in audiovisual translation. The author has a thorough knowledge of the latest media localisation technology and reflects on its impact and affordances in a lucid and systematic way. This book will speak to industry professionals, trainers, and academic researchers alike, and will also be a precious resource for students in translation, media, and communication."
- Dionysios Kapsaskis, University of Roehampton
"This meticulous research results from practical and academic insights, innovative models and scholarly rigour, and makes a substantial and much-needed contribution to the field of audiovisual translation in a didactic setting."
- Giselle Spiteri Miggiani, University of Malta
