Preparing for Hybrid Threats to Security Collaborative Preparedness and Response

1. Understanding Hybrid Threats: An Introduction  
   Odd Jarl Borch and Tormod Heier  

Part I: The Threat  

 2. Contemporary Research on Hybrid Threats: Status and Future Avenues   

Nina M. Bjørge and Marte Høiby  

 3. Hybrid Threats as a Threat to Democracy: Soft and Smart Tactics and Three Dimensions of Democracy  

Tanja Ellingsen  

 4. Identifying Hybrid Threats from a National Security Perspective: The Case of Chinese Hybrid Threats in Australia  

Patrick Cullen  

Part II: The Ukrainian Experience  

 5. Hybrid Threats in Cyberspace: What Do Russia’s Cyberspace Operations in Ukraine Tell Us?  

Mass Soldal Lund  

 6. The Transformation of Hybrid Threats into Full-Scale War: The Case of Ukraine, 2014-2022  

Yevhen Mahda and Viacheslav Semenenko  

 7. Countering Russia’s Hybrid War: The Orchestration of Ukraine’s National Resilience  

Valerii Hordiichuk, Nina Andriianova and Andrii Ivashchenko  

Part III: Response Strategies  

 8. Civic Communities or Armed Forces as First Line of Defence?  

Tormod Heier  

 9. Municipal Preparedness Against Hybrid Threats: How Can Military Experiences Be Used?  

Jannicke Thinn Fiskvik and Tormod Heier  

 10. Hybrid Threats and the ‘New’ Total Defence: The Case of Sweden  

Joakim Berndtsson  

 11. Information Sharing in Complex Crises: The Case of Joint Domain-Specific Centers in Norway  

Line Djernæs Sandbakken and Ørjan Nordhus Karlsson  

 12. Hybrid Threat Intelligence Through Virtual Networks: The Role of Network Entrepreneurs  

Odd Jarl Borch  

Part IV: Knowledge and Resilience  

 13. Hybrid Threats and Comprehensive Defence in Small Diverse Societies: The Case of Estonia  

Kairi Kasearu, Tiia-Triin Truusa and Liina-Mai Tooding  

 14. Hybrid Threats and the Power of Identity: Comparing Croatia and Ukraine    

Gordan Akrap and Maksym Kamenetskyi  

 15. Building Competence Against Hybrid Threats: Training and Exercising Hybrid Command Organizations  

Bjørn T. Bakken, Thorvald Hærem and Inger Lund-Kordahl  

 16. Competence for Hybrid Threats: A Strategic Competitive Development Model  

Leif Inge Magnussen, Glenn-Egil Torgersen, Ole Boe and Herner Saeverot  

Part V: Conclusions  

 17. Towards a Hybrid Threat Response Model  

Odd Jarl Borch and Tormod Heier  

Biography

Odd Jarl Borch is a Professor of Strategy at the Nord University Business School, Bodo, Norway. He is the author of more than 150 scientific publications. He has served on several government committees within industry development, safety and preparedness, including the Norwegian Total Preparedness Commission.

Tormod Heier is a Professor of Military Strategy and Operations at the Norwegian Defence University College, Norway. He has edited or authored 14 books, on crisis management, security and defence policy, and military conflicts. He was awarded The Norwegian PEN’s Ossietzky Price for Freedom of Speech in 2017, and The Norwegian Army’s Medal of Merit in 2023.