Introduction to Hazardous Materials
Hazard Defined
Ancient Hazards
The Industrial Age
The Recent Past
Toxicology and Health Effects of Hazardous Materials
Introduction
Routes of Exposure
Body Response to Toxic Chemicals
Varieties of Toxic and Hazardous Effects
Specific Contaminant Effects
Dose–Response Relationships
Allowable Exposure Limits
Time Effects and Sensitivities
Sources of Health Effects Information
Risks and Risk Assessment
Introduction
Types of Risks
The Risk Assessment Process
Uncertainties in Risk Assessments
California Approaches
Criteria for Health Impact and Acceptable Risks
Screening Level Calculations
Risk Management
Air Pollution and Air Toxics
Introduction
Classifications and Sources
Direct Evaporative Emissions
Fugitive Emissions
Waste-Related Air Toxic Emissions
Treatment-Related Emissions
Regulatory Approaches
Hazardous Air Emission Trends
Soils and Groundwater
Introduction
Principles of Hydrogeology
Groundwater Movement
Contamination in Groundwater
Mitigation and Treatment
Treatment Approaches
Biological Treatment Methods
Physical Treatment Methods
Chemical Treatment Methods
Combination Systems
Natural Methods and Attenuation
Transportation of Hazardous Materials
Introduction
Laws Involved in Hazardous Materials Transportation
Hazardous Waste Transportation Regulations
Key Elements
Practical Aspects of Hazardous Materials Transportation
Trends in Transportation Incidents
Management of Hazardous Materials
Introduction
Proactive Hazardous Materials Management
General Considerations
A Specific Management Approach: The Aerospace Industry
Hazardous Materials Planning for the Future
Proactive Emergency Planning
Waste Characterization and Analytical Methods
Introduction
Representative Sampling
EPA Reference Methods
Sampling and Handling
Units of Measurement and Physical and Chemical Properties
Fundamentals of Chemistry for Sample Analysis
Matrices and Detection Limits
Analytical Methods and Techniques
Waste Treatment and Disposal
Introduction
Materials Recovery
Basic Treatment Principles
Treatment Classes
Ultimate Residuals Management
Appendix A: Federal Regulatory Approaches
Appendix B: California Approaches
Appendix C: Hazardous Materials Definitions
Biography
Roger D. Griffin
