1st Edition
Protocols for Macroalgae Research
This book presents a wide range of tested and proven protocols relevant to a number of fields within biotechnology used in laboratory experiments in everyday phycological (seaweed) research. A major focus will be on bioenergy related aspects of this emerging technology. These protocols will be written in a clear and concise manner using simple language permitting even nonspecialist to adequately understand the significance of this research. It will also contain all necesssary notes and guidelines for successful execution of these experiments.
CONTENTS
Section I: Cultivating and preserving seaweeds
Chapter 1 Seaweed in high-energy environments: Protocol
to move Saccharina cultivation offshore
Bela H. Buck and Britta Grote
Chapter 2 Cultivation protocol for Saccharina latissima
Silje Forbord, Kristine Braaten Steinhovden,
Kaia Kjølbo Rød, Aleksander Handå, and Jorunn Skjermo
Chapter 3 Derivation of clonal stock cultures and hybridization
of kelps: A tool for strain preservation and breeding
programs
Inka Bartsch
Chapter 4 Cryopreservation of macroalgae
John G. Day
Chapter 5 Unraveling seaweeds bacteriomes: From field site
to computer screen
Tânia Aires, Gerard Muyzer, Ester A. Serrão, and
Aschwin H. Engelen
Chapter 6 Heavy metal ecotoxicity on the early life history
stages of macroalgae
Pablo P. Leal and Michael Y. Roleda
Chapter 7 A simple protocol for a rapid and consistent
production of a large number of viable protoplasts
from the Ulvophycean species
Vishal Gupta and C.R.K. Reddy
Chapter 8 Purification of sporulation and swarming inhibitors
from Ulva: Application in algal life-cycle controlling
Ralf W. Kessler, Taghreed Alsufyani, and Thomas Wichard
Chapter 9 Preparation of axenic cultures in Ulva (Chlorophyta)
Gianmaria Califano and Thomas Wichard
Section II: Chemical composition
Chapter 10 Biochar production from seaweeds
Loretto Contreras-Porcia, Matías Araya,
Elizabeth Garrido-Ramírez, Cristian Bulboa,
Jean Pierre Remonsellez, Javier Zapata, Camila Espinoza,
and Jorge Rivas
Chapter 11 Identification and quantification of laminarins
in brown algae
Angelika Graiff, Wolfgang Ruth, and Ulf Karsten
Chapter 12 Determination of carbohydrate composition
of macroalgae
Wouter J.J. Huijgen, E.M. Cobussen-Pool, B.F. van Egmond,
and J.W. van Hal
Chapter 13 Quantification of proteins in seaweeds
Carl Safi, Jelle van Leeuwen, Yvette Telleman,
Nicole Engelen-Smit, Lambertus van den Broek,
and Paulien Harmsen
Chapter 14 Comprehensive phytohormone quantification
in the red alga Pyropia yezoensis by liquid
chromatography–mass spectrometry
Takakazu Matsuura, Izumi C. Mori, Yoko Ikeda,
Takashi Hirayama, and Koji Mikami
Chapter 15 Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity
analysis of seaweed biomass
Xiaoru Hou, Randi Neerup, and Anne-Belinda Bjerre
Chapter 16 Extraction of phycocyanin and phycoerythrin pigments
Stewart William Beattie, Michèle Morançais, Paul Déléris,
Joël Fleurence, and Justine Dumay
Chapter 17 Quantification and localization of reactive oxygen
species in marine macrophytes
Manoj Kumar, Loretto Contreras-Porcia, Nirali M. Kumar,
and Peter J. Ralph
Chapter 18 Metabolomics of intra- and extracellular metabolites
from micro- and macroalgae using GC–MS
and LC–MS
Constanze Kuhlisch, Gianmaria Califano, Thomas Wichard,
and Georg Pohnert
Chapter 19 Preparative extraction of exometabolites
from seaweed surfaces
Florian Weinberger
Chapter 20 Disruption-free solid-phase extraction of surface
metabolites from macroalgae
Emilio Cirri and Georg Pohnert
Section III: Cellular and molecular characterization
Chapter 21 The immunodetection and in situ imaging of
cell-wall polysaccharides in brown algae
Amandine Siméon, Delphine Duffieux, Cécile Hervé,
Sophie Le Panse, Paul Knox, and Thomas Torode
Chapter 22 Atomic force microscopy based analysis of cell-wall
elasticity in macroalgae
Thomas Torode, Marina Linardic, J. Louis Kaplan,
and Siobhan A. Braybrook
Chapter 23 Dynamic and microscale mapping of cell growth:
Case of Ectocarpus filament cells
Hervé Rabillé, Bernard Billoud, Elodie Rolland,
and Bénédicte Charrier
Chapter 24 Actin fluorescent staining in the filamentous brown
alga Ectocarpus siliculosus
Hervé Rabillé, Maria Koutalianou, Bénédicte Charrier,
and Christos Katsaros
Chapter 25 Cryofixation of brown algae for transmission
electron microscopy
Chikako Nagasato, Christos Katsaros, and Taizo Motomura
Chapter 26 Probing the subcellular topography of
seaweeds: Transmission electron microscopy,
immunocytochemistry, and correlative light
microscopy
Sandra C. Raimundo and David S. Domozych
Chapter 27 Coralline algae preparation for scanning electron
microscopy and optical microscopy
S. Kaleb, G. Alongi, and A. Falace
Chapter 28 Extraction of high quality RNA from brown algae
for transcriptomic analysis
Sandra Heinrich
Chapter 29 Induction of sexual reproduction in Spirogyra
cultures for laser capture microdissection of gametes
and zygotes
Denis Saint-Marcoux and Jane A. Langdale
Chapter 30 Cloning and expression strategies for the
postgenomic analysis of brown algae
Agnès Groisillier
Chapter 31 Polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation in
the green macroalga Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta):
A forward genetics approach
Jens Boesger, Michiel Kwantes, and Thomas Wichard
Index
Biography
Dr. Bénédicte Charrier is a senior scientist from CNRS working at Station Biologique Roscoff, France. She is a specialist of macroalgae morphogenesis and development, with an expertise on the filmentous alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. She is currently the Chair of the European network "Phycomorph", supported by the Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) Association (2015-2019), which aims to coordinate research in growth, reproduction, and morphogenesis of macroalgae in Europe and in association with Asian and North American laboratories.
Dr. Thomas Wichard is a research group leader at the Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. The main focus of his research group is to elucidate the mutualistic interactions between bacteria and the marine macroalga Ulva ("cross-kingdom-cross-talk"). The group applies various methodologies in analytical chemistry, chemical ecology and molecular biology to understand the basis of eco-physiological processes.
Dr. CRK Reddy is a Chief Scientist in Seaweed Biology and Biotechnology Cultivation at CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute in Bhavnagar, India. He is an expert in marine macroalgae, making significant contributions to macroalgae tissue culture and protoplast techniques including genetic improvement of seaweeds, seaweed biomass for chemicals and biofuels, seaweed biodiversity, and seaweed biology and cultivation.
"This book is an impressive picture of the tremendous evolution of phycology during the ten past years. Each PhD student and postdoctoral researcher should have it in its laboratory; he will find in it the basic most recent protocols ready to use for his study, and the matter for imaginative, limitless experiments."
—Bruno de Reviers, Muséum National d’histoire Naturelle, Paris, France"There have been prior textbooks on methods in phycology, but this book brings techniques up to date. The book seeks to aid the reader to actually be able to replicate research protocols. An array of subject matter experts has been accumulated to produce 31chapters. The book is logically laid out with the reader in mind, explains techniques, and provides best-practice advice on how to carry out protocols successfully."
—Alan T Critchley, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia, Canada"This book is a well written and informative guide to methods for macroalgal (seaweed) culture and analysis. It is notable for the broad coverage of macroalgal biology, from culture approaches, through methods for compositional analysis to the newer molecular approaches of metabolomics and transcriptomics. It will certainly prove to be a useful resource for those involved in macroalgal culture and biotechnology."
—John Beardall, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"The book covers a wide range of topics: From large-scale macroalgal cultivation to the biochemical and molecular characterization. I can see that each of the individual chapters has been written by leading experts in the respective field. I am very happy about the approach to present theoretical background first and then provide step-by-step protocols to help implementing methods in lab routines This book represents a significant enrichment to the lab work of each phycology scholar. My PhD students will be very happy with it!"
—Kai Bischof, University of Bremen, Germany"A well-balanced selection of topics covering all main subjects relating to 21th century phycology (genetics – development – aquaculture). This is what makes this book quite unique and given the interest in seaweed for aquaculture in the western part of the world, I think this book will be warmly received."
—Olivier De Clerck, Ghent University, Belgium"A really useful new addition to the literature on algae and their uses, with detailed methods for the study of these organisms, which have considerable potential in the blue economy. Thirty-one chapters in three sections (cultivating and preserving seaweeds: chemical composition; cellular and molecular characterization), by experts in their fields. Research oriented, with detailed explanations on how new techniques can be applied to the burgeoning new industries based on algal materials. Covers a wide variety of detailed methods, from culture (from commercial aquaculture to bacteria-free algal studies); through chemical constituents and health aspects, molecular techniques (including cloning and transformation); as well as detailed modern microscopic techniques on macroalgae and their related bacterial flora."
—John J Bolton, University of Cape Town, South Africa"A timely, well produced book containing state of the art information on a range of methodologies relevant to seaweed scientists. It fills a large gap in the available literature and will be an essential resource for both budding and experienced macroalgal researchers."
—Catriona Hurd, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
