Rock Engineering in Difficult Ground Conditions - Soft Rocks and Karst

Keynote lectures

Some rock mechanics aspects of subaqueous tunnels 
G. Anagnostou

Innovative tunneling construction method to cope with squeezing at the Saint Martin La Porte access adit (Lyon-Turin Base Tunnel) 
G. Barla

Metro construction at the most unfavourable depth caused a major metro station collapse in Brazil due to a unique sub-surface structure 
N.R. Barton

Rock engineering for structures in unstable slopes 
H. Brandl

Tunnelling in overstressed rock 
E. Hoek & P.G. Marinos

Stresses in rock masses: A review of key points 
J.A. Hudson

Site characterization and rock testing for the evaluation of design parameters 
J. Muralha, L. Lamas & N. Grossmann

Geological and hydrogeological properties of karst regions

Reconstruction of karstification and groundwater flows in carbonate rocks 
I. Antunović, D. Zovko, J. Antunović & I. Lukić

Karstic sinkholes under existing structures 
V.A. Barvashov & P.V. Kharlamov

Investigation of karst phenomena and measures in the Blessberg Tunnel 
J. Benedikt, D. Spöndlin & B. Kind

A scientific based karst risk assessment for underground engineering 
M. Filipponi, P.-Y. Jeannin & A. Parriaux

Comparison between cores and borehole images in fracture networks knowledge 
M. Gasc-Barbier, O. Fouché & C. Gaillard

Geophysical explorations in search and mapping of karst caves of Armenia 
R. Gasparyan
 
Geotechnical and geological survey of tunnel Sveti Ilija 
G. Grget, R. Lisica & Z. Blagus

Hydrogeological and geotechnical in-situ testing for large caverns 
M. Kech, D. Naterop & R. Senti

Identification of buried sinkholes during site investigations 
V.P. Khomenko

Statistical and variographic analysis of glacial and fluvioglacial in B&H 
P. Marijanović & M. Prskalo

Structural model of the Croatian karst from the engineering geological aspect 
Ž. Mlinar, D. Jamičić & T. Novosel

General engineering geological properties of carbonates in Croatian karst 
D. Pollak, R. Buljan & L. Podolszki

Geotechnical features of the area of future MHPP Kravice 
M. Prskalo, A. Galić & J. Marinčić

The method of fracture research based on seismic refraction 
I. Stan-Kleczek & A.F. Idzia

CRD method for groundwater pumping assessment in dolomites, South Africa 
D.A. Whitaker, R. Tosen & R.B. Storry

Rock properties, testing methods and site characterization

Measuring anisotropic thermal properties of metagranite at different scales 
B. Adl-Zarrabi, R. Christianson, J. Sundberg & J. Wrafter

Determination of deformation modulus of rock mass; Bakhtiari dam site 
A. Akhondbabaei, S. Kariminasab, H. Jalalifar, F. Rafia & A.M. Radman

Salt crystallization deterioration in yellow travertines 
M. Akin

Servo-controlled strength tests on moderately weathered granite 
L.R. Alejano, D. Posada & A. Rodríguez-Dono

An approach for characterizing strain-softening Hoek-Brown rock-masses 
L.R. Alejano, E. Alonso & A. Rodríguez-Dono

Evaluating the relations between brittleness and Cerchar abrasion index of rocks 
R. Altindag, N. Sengun, S. Sarac, M. Mutluturk & A. Guney

Evaluation of empirical equations for assessing the true UCS of rocks 
R. Altindag, S. Demirdag, N. Sengun, A. Guney, M. Mutluturk & R. Karaguzel

Effects of grain size distribution on KIC using CCNBD and HCCD specimens 
H. Amrollahi & A. Baghbanan

Wavelet analysis of JRC exemplar profiles 
M.S. Asadi, V. Rasouli & B. Tokhmechi

An uncertainty analysis for calculating permeability using EMT 
A. Baghbanan & S. Dayani

Extent of geotechnical testing for pile excavation in port of Dubrovnik 
M. Bandić, B. Galjan, I. Barbalić, N. Štambuk Cvitanović & I. Vrkljan

Polyaxial peak strength criteria and the design of underground openings 
A. Bedi & J.P. Harrison
 
Comparison of single and multiple failure triaxial tests 
M. Blümel

Dissolution of evaporitic rocks: Implications on geomechanical behaviour 
R. Castellanza, G. Crosta, N. Fusi & R. Grizzetti

Evolution of compaction bands in high porosity soft rock 
R. Castellanza, R. Nova, E. Gerolymatou, N. Fusi, V. Barberini & G. Crosta

A numerical model for analyses of flow through rock discontinuities 
J.F. da Silva & M.V. Vidigal

Non-linear fluid flow through rough-walled fractures 
M. Javadi, M. Sharifzadeh, K. Shahriar & M. Mehrjooei

Predicting the UCS of pyroclastic rocks from the slake durability index 
S. Kahraman, M. Fener & O. Gunaydin

Effect of water on the deformability of rocks under uniaxial compression 
M. Kwaśniewski & P. Rodríguez-Oitabén

A case study of 3D stress orientation determination in Shikoku Island and Kii Peninsula, Japan 
W. Lin, Y. Kuwahara, T. Satoh, N. Shigematsu, Y. Kitagawa, T. Kiguchi, T. Sato, H. Tsukamoto, S. Itaba, Y. Umeda, Y. Seki, M. Takahashi, N. Matsumoto & N. Koizumi

Three-dimensional modelling of the rock breakage process 
H.Y. Liu, F. Alonso-Marroquin & D.J. Williams

Geotechnical input essential for power waterway design 
M. Marenče

Pocket cards to aid description of carbonate rocks as core or outcrops 
P.M. Maurenbrecher & D.M. Ngan-Tillard

Shear strength of weathered soft rock – Proposal of test method additions 
P. Miščević & G. Vlastelica

The application of impression test in creep behavior of mudstone 
F.S. Rassouli, M. Moosavi & M. Jafari

Effect of humidity on fracture toughness and slow crack growth in sandstone 
Y. Nara, T. Yoneda & K. Kaneko

Microstructural degradation of Maastrichtian limestones 
D.J.M. Ngan-Tillard, W. Verwaal, P.M. Maurenbrecher & L.A. van Paassen

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for uniaxial compressive strength of rocks 
R. Noorani, H. Kordi & A.H. Ghazvinian

Fracture toughness in Mode I and II of rock under water vapor pressure 
Y. Obara, T. Yoshinaga & A. Hirata

Temperature dependence of calcium carbonate precipitation for biogrout 
S. Ogata, S. Kawasaki, N. Hiroyoshi, M. Tsunekawa, K. Kaneko & R. Terajima

The resonant frequency measurement and cracking evolution in rocks 
A. Saad & M. Bost

Effect of surface roughness on velocity fields through rock fractures 
M. Sarifzadeh, M. Javadi, K. Shahriar & M. Mehrjooei

A conceptual empirical approach for the overall strength of unwelded bimrocks 
H. Sonmez, K.E. Kasapoglu, A. Coskun, C. Tunusluoglu, E.W. Medley & R.W. Zimmerman

Classification of carbonate and clastic rock masses by RMR and Q-system 
B. Stojković, G. Stojković, D. Užarević & G. Grget
 
Geotechnical investigation challenges and solutions for Gautrain 
R.B. Storry, R. Tosen, T.E.B. Vorster & A. Bergere

Geometry of pore structure in pressurized Berea sandstone 
M. Takahashi, M. Kato & Y. Urushimatsu

A triaxial compression and triaxial extension test of Kimachi sandstone 
N. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, T. Kiyama & T. Takemura

Borehole radar cavity and discontinuity assessment in dolomite for Gautrain 
R. Tosen, R.B. Storry & S. Hoeben

Acoustic emission based rock stress measurement method 
T. Tuokko & M.S. Poutanen

Relation of rock mass characterization and damage 
P. Ván & B. Vásárhelyi

Strength and deformation of biologically cemented sandstone 
L.A. van Paassen, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht, M. Pieron, A. Mulder, D.J.M. Ngan-Tillard & T.J.M. van der Linden

A robust estimator of rock mass properties following Eurocodes’ principles 
D.D. Vardakastanis, A.G. Karlaftis & K.A. Kiamos

Microscopic back analysis method of Continuum Damage Model based FEM 
G.F. Zhao, T. Xu, J. Zhao & M.Z. Gao

Design methods and analyses

Optimization of rock mass support systems during deep excavations 
Ž. Arbanas, M. Grošić, D. Udovič & V. Jagodnik

Block stability analysis around a large cavern using probabilistic approach 
A. Baghbanan, A. Sookhak, H. Hashemalhosseini & M. Bagheri

Rheological dynamics of tunnels – An analytical investigation 
T. Fülöp & Gy. Béda

The stability assessment of karstic caves beneath Gushikawa Castle remains (Japan) 
M. Geniş, N. Tokashiki & Ö. Aydan

The calculation of the bases and foundations on the karsted areas 
N.Z. Gotman & Yu.A. Gotman

Stability analysis of large-scale slopes in heterogeneous rock masses 
P. Hrženjak, D. Navratil, I. Vrkljan & B. Duvnjak

Comparison of DEM and FDM for analysis of road embankment in karst region 
C. Kwak, K. Seo, J. Lee & I. Park

Influence of the primary stress state on the displacement characteristic
C. Leber, N. Radončić & W. Schubert

Neural network modeling of scour depth downstream of spillways 
P.G.C. Lins & T.B. Celestino

How 3D modeling can improve quality & reliability of geotechnical projects 
V.R. Marchesi, S.A.B. da Fontoura & N.P.R. Rubio

Geotechnical 3D modelling in soft rocks using the RNK method 
Ž. Ortolan, S. Zlatović & I. Vrkljan

Forward prediction of spatial displacement development 
T. Pilgerstorfer & W. Schubert
 
Interaction of young shotcrete with the deforming ground 
N. Radončić & W. Schubert

Distinct element analysis of jointed and karstified rocks in a former quarry 
N. Sciarra, E. Miccadei, M. Calista & D. Marchetti

An analytical solution modeling the groundwater flow 
M.G. Senyur & D. Arikan

2D versus 3D modelling for tunnelling at a weakness zone 
Q.N. Trinh, E. Broch & M. Lu

Seismic analysis of ovaling deformations of tunnels in full-slip condition 
A. Vakilzadeh & S. Vakilzadeh

Monitoring and back analysis

Monitoring and back numerical analyses in the Konjsko tunnel 
I. Arapov, M.S. Kovačević & P. Lušo

Predicting slope collapse using slope stability radar deformation data 
D. Arosio & N. Harries

Automatic processing of displacement monitoring data during tunnel excavation 
J. Klopčič, J. Logar & T. Ambrožič

Analysis of long-term deformation of a rock slope on Ikura limestone quarry 
J. Kodama, K. Narasaki, K. Kaneko, E. Nishiyama & Y. Yoshida

Engineering estimation method of decrepit slope by compound survey 
H. Kusumi, T. Yamamoto & M. Nakamura

Feasibility of excavation of disposal cells in 500 meter deep clay formation 
J. Morel, G. Armand & V. Renaud

Concept for expert system for displacement data evaluation 
W. Schubert & K. Grossauer

Back analysis of the Siah Bishe Power House Cavern 
B. Stabel, K. Thermann & A. Ghahramani

New instruments improve site characterization with time based measurements 
P. Steiner & R. Yeatman

Pre-collapse detection of failure in cavities by nanoseismic monitoring 
M. Tsesarsky & H.G. Wust-Bloch

Rock deformation and support load in shaft sinking in Horonobe URL Project 
K. Tsusaka, M. Yamasaki & Y. Hatsuyama

Testing study on mechanical feature of rock surrounding deep coal gates 
K. Yang

Excavation and support

Application of contact surface modeling for digging force determination 
M. Avdić, I. Kožar & I. Moranjkić

Predicted and actual conditions of the Namroud project diversion tunnel 
D. Bahadorbeygi, J. Ranasooriya & H. Nikraz

Rock parameters for blasting on the highway Split-Dubrovnik 
B. Božić, N. Petrović & I. Lukić
 
The construction of the Jinping Auxiliary Tunnel in karst rock 
S. Chen, H. Zhang, C. Yan, H. Gu & L. Xiang

Deformation control for tunneling with a small separation in soft strata 
F. Cheng, S. Chen, X. Tan & J. Wang

Modelling of influence of the shallow coal seam longwall mining 
R. Čeliković, I. Bajrektarević & M. Avdić

Rock support optimization for Pianqiao diversion tunnel 
X. Deng, S. Chen & H. Zhang

Lined tunnel construction in soft rock conditions 
M. Fatehi Marji, A. Pourzargar & H. Mehrnahad

Predicting TBM performance in second lot of Karaj Water Conveyance Tunnel (KWCT) 
J. Hassanpour & J. Rostami

Analysis of coal drawing from high coals in sublevel caving systems 
S.V. Klishin & V.I. Klishin

TBM tunnelling in karst regions: Wanjiazhai project 
D. Kolić, Y. Bai & A. Nicola

Key technologies of long-distance shield tunneling in hard rock 
M. Li, S. Chen, H. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Liu & X. Han

Evaluation of ground convergence and support system of Taloun tunnels 
R. Noorani & S. Aloodari

Difficulties ground condition in excavation of longest inclined shaft in Iran 
M.R. Shahverdiloo

A supportability comparison of rock and spiral bolts with numerical method 
M.K. Song, S.Y. Choo, S.S. Kang & Y.D. Cho

Time influence of the mining hold-up to the effects on the longwall face 
M. Suljkanović, M. Avdić & Š. Suljić

Stability analysis of console slope formation 
P. Šiša, S. Kasapović & I. Sokolić

Factors influencing performance of hard rock tunnel boring machines 
S. Yagiz, J. Rostami, T. Kim, L. Ozdemir & C. Merguerian

Environmental aspects of geotechnical engineering in karst regions

Designing and constructing rockfall barriers – Experiences in Republic of Croatia 
M. Grošić, Ž. Arbanas & D. Udovič

Diaphragm wall as anti-karst protection 
O.I. Ignatova & Ch.A. Dzhantimirov

Impervious barriers for landfills in karst region of Istrian Peninsula 
D. Kovačić, I. Petrović, D. Štuhec, B. Kovačević Zelić, Ž. Veinović & D. Znidarčić

Pillar design below a weak roof 
I. Misich

Protection of Lake Vrana natural phenomenon on the Island of Cres 
N. Ožanić

Environmental impacts of the Lötschberg Base and Crest Tunnels, Switzerland 
M. Pesendorfer, S. Loew & M. Zappa
 
Spiral rope nets for rockfall protection – Tests, design, application 
A. Roduner, A. Vogel & V. Budimir

New challenges of engineering karstology in Russia 
V.V. Tolmachev

Rockfall potential of Kastamonu Castle 
T. Topal & M. Akin

Case histories

Case history of open pit excavation for Sport Hall Zamet in Rijeka, Croatia 
Ž. Arbanas, M. Vivoda, V. Pavlić, P. Đomlija & G. Briški

The origin of instability phenomena along the karst-flysch contacts 
Č. Benac, S. Dugonjić, Ž. Arbanas, M. Oštrić & V. Jurak

Foundation of the Viaduct “Kotezi” 
K. Bolanča & T. Novosel

Failure of a concrete dam foundation by erosion along soft rock joints 
J.F. da Silva

Suspension bridge constructed across deep gorge in karst, Papua New Guinea 
R.C. Goldsmith, A.K. Parkin & R. Polzinger

Preliminary investigations, design and realization of high reinforced-concrete anchoring structures in Dubrovnik area 
I. Jašarević, E. Prelogović, H. Krhen, B. Miller, I. Skert & H. Perković

Vault remedy of the caving object in tunnel Vrata 
M.S. Kovačević, M. Garašić & D. Jurić-Kaćunić

Examples of reinforced earth walls along the highway Split – Ploče 
P. Kvasnička, D. Domitrović, M. Marohnić & I. Brunetta

Ermenek dam – Design and execution of the grout curtain 
J. Linortner, G. Jung & G. Zenz

Remedial of rock slide of the Mary’s cave rock mass 
I. Lukić, T. Ivanković, D. Zovko & M. Bašagić

Preparation and causes of major collapse at Annenskiy Mine (Kazakhstan) 
V.A. Mansurov & V.I. German

Appropriateness of open TBM tunnelling in the Himalaya – A case study 
K.K. Panthi

Design and construction of an open cut in poor rock, City Line Stockholm 
R.M. Swindell & L. Rosengren

Modified compaction grouting for dolomitic soil and rock, South Africa 
R. Tosen, R.B. Storry & M. Baribault

Foundation design on mining subsidence terrain 
S. Zekan, M. Stević & A. Hamzabegović

Biography

Ivan Vrkljan