Routledge Handbook of Disinformation and National Security

Introduction

Rubén Arcos, Irena Chiru and Cristina Ivan

Part I. Theoretical Perspectives: Concepts and Definitions

1. Hybrid Security Threats and the Information Domain: Concepts and Definitions

Cristina Ivan, Irena Chiru, and Rubén Arcos

2. Deterrence by Denial and Resilience Building

James Pamment and Bjorn Palmertz

3. Military Deception and Perception Management

James J. Wirtz

Part II. Historical Perspectives

4. Cold War Active Measures

Sanshiro Hosaka

5. Historical Disinformation Practices: Learning from the Russians

Randolph H. Pherson, Deanna Labriny, and Abby Diorio

6. Influence Operations and the Role of Intelligence

Jan Goldman

7. Asymmetrical Conflict in the Information Domain: The Case of Russia

Bjorn Palmertz and James Pamment

Part III. Contemporary Challenges

8. Disinformation: The Jihadists’ New Religion

Jamil Ammar

9. Digital Disinformation, Electoral Interference, and Systemic Distrust

Josephine Lukito

10. A Perception Management Take on Propaganda as Political Warfare

Adrian Tudorache

11. The Use and Abuse of History by Russian Embassies on Twitter: The Case of the Baltic States

Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor

12. Using Mimetic and Rhetorical Theory to Critique a Disinformation Consensus: The Problem of "Personal Vigilance"

Hamilton Bean and Bryan C. Taylor

13. Deepfake Disinformation: How Digital Deception and Synthetic Media Threaten National Security

Agnes Venema

14. The Strategic Logic of Digital Disinformation: Offense, Defence and Deterrence in Information Warfare

H. Akin Unver and Arhan S. Ertan

15. Conspiracy Theories and Unfounded Rumours in Contemporary Democracies: Beyond Truth and Trust

Ruxandra Buluc

16. Cognitive Warfare: Understanding the Threat

Alina Bârgăoanu and Flavia Durach

Part IV. Countering Disinformation and Building Resilience

17. Journalistic Approaches to Information Sources, Fact-Checking, Verification and Detached Reporting

Pablo Hernández-Escayola

18. A National Security Perspective on Information Leaks

Aitana Radu and Joseph Cannataci

19. An Ethical Understanding of Military Strategic Communication, Public Relations, and Persuasion

Irena Chiru and Ruxandra Buluc

20. Emotional Diplomacy in Times of Uncertainty and Disinformation

Tereza Capelos and Grete Krisciunaite

21. Open-Source Information for Intelligence Purposes: The Challenge of Disinformation

Veli-Pekka Kivimäki

22. Protective Factors Against Disinformation

Cristina Ivan

Part V. General Trends and Regional Specificities in Countering Disinformation

23. The EU Approach to Combating Disinformation: Between Censorship and the "Market for Information"

Valentin Stoian

24. The Strategic Security Environment and NATO’s Perspectives in Developing Effective Strategic Communications (2014-2022)

Vira Ratsiborynska

25. The Baltic Experience in Countering Contemporary Russian Disinformation

Aleksandra Kuczyńska-Zonik

26. The Disinformation Threat: Lessons from the Chinese Experience

Dan Dungaciu and Lucian Dumitrescu

27. The Perils of Disinformation in Latin America

Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei

Part VI: A Toolkit for Practitioners

28. The Use of Discourse Analysis in Propaganda Detection and Understanding

Julian Richards

29. Anticipatory Approaches to Disinformation, Warning and Supporting Technologies

Rubén Arcos and Cristina M. Arribas

30. AI Technologies to Support Detection of Information Manipulation on Social Networks and Online Media: A Quick Overview

Frédérique Segond

31. Wargaming Disinformation Campaigns

Roger Mason

Conclusions - Analysing and Assessing Disinformation and Hostile Influencing

Francois Fisher

Biography

Rubén Arcos is a senior lecturer in communication sciences at University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) in Madrid, Spain, and a researcher of the Cyberimaginario research group. He is a cofounder and codirector of IntelHub—International Online Intelligence Hub.

Irena Chiru is a professor of intelligence studies at ‘Mihai Viteazul’ National Intelligence Academy, Romania. She is a member of the editorial advisory board of the International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence.

Cristina Ivan is researcher at the National Institute for Intelligence Studies, "Mihai Viteazul" National Intelligence Academy in Romania. She holds a PhD in cultural studies.

'Supported and edited by excellent and up to date experts, this handbook is a most timely and highly pertinent contribution to a multidisciplinary and comprehensive understanding of one of the core challenges for our present and future security in freedom and prosperity. It should be used as a core reference for all academic and operational endeavours in this field.'

Gerhard Conrad, Former Director of the European Union Intelligence Analysis and Situation Centre (EU INTCEN)

'Like nuclear war shaped the XX century, hybrid and information wars will shape the XXI century. On the battlefield and in the AI labs, shaping politics and public opinion, the forces of disinformation threaten freedom and human rights. This book is a powerful handbook for leaders, scholars, and citizens eager to defend democracy.'

Gianni Riotta, Princeton University, USA

'The book makes a useful contribution to the discussion on the complex and vexing subject of disinformation—“false information that is knowingly distributed” (283)—and similar malign government efforts to deceive.'

Michael J. Ard, Johns Hopkins University, Studies in Intelligence Vol. 68(1), March 2024

'Even though disinformation is a complex phenomenon and a truly interdisciplinary field of study, the authors of the book have succeeded in recalibrating the analysis toward intelligence and security studies. Throughout the book a broad set of terminology – disinformation, misinformation, mal-information, etc. – is used to convey various research angles, leaving the authors the freedom to set their own definitions for central concepts.'

Anna-Maria Osula, Journal of Baltic Studies, 55:3, 700-702, July 2024