1st Edition
Routledge Handbook of Water Diplomacy
Foreword
Jan Eliasson
Section I – Overview
Chapter 1 - Why We Need a Water Diplomacy Handbook
Aaron Salzberg, Martina Klimes, Kevin M. Smith, Shafiqul Islam
Chapter 2 - The Key Themes, Concepts, and Ideas of Water Diplomacy
Kevin M. Smith, Shafiqul Islam, Martina Klimes, Aaron Salzberg
Chapter 3 - Navigating the Water Diplomacy Handbook
Shafiqul Islam, Kevin M. Smith, Martina Klimes, Aaron Salzberg
Chapter 4 - A Living Handbook: Connecting Handbook Contents with the AquaPedia Case Study Database
Melissa Landman, Renata Bolotova
Section II – Water Diplomacy Themes, Concepts, and Ideas
Chapter 5 - A Hydrology Primer for Diplomats
Scott W. Tyler, Shawn J. Wheelock
Chapter 6 - Water as a Source of Conflict
Karen Meijer, Kyungmee Kim
Chapter 7 - Water as a Source of Cooperation
Lynette de Silva, Aaron T. Wolf
Chapter 8 - Scales of Water Diplomacy
Bruno Verdini
Chapter 9 - Water Diplomacy Paths: An Approach To Recognize Water Diplomacy Actions
Marko Keskinen, Juho Haapala, Anna Huovila, Antti Rautavaara, Suvi Sojamo
Chapter 10 - Water Diplomacy and Third-Party Engagement
Martina Klimes
Chapter 11 - Actors in Water Diplomacy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Susanne Schmeier, Tobias von Lossow
Section III – Common Water Diplomacy Challenges
Chapter 12 - Mapping the Water Diplomacy Problem Space
Shafiqul Islam, Aaron Salzberg
Chapter 13 - Managing Water Diplomacy Processes
Sebastian Kratzer, Lina Hillert
Chapter 14 - The Role of Scientific Uncertainties in Transboundary Water Negotiations
Animesh K. Gain
Chapter 15 - The Role of Distrust in Transboundary Water Relations
Ana Elisa Cascão
Chapter 16 - Creating and Distributing Benefits in Water Diplomacy
Ram Aviram, Clive Lipchin, Adina Halevi, Austin Corona
Chapter 17 - The Role of Knowledge Transmission in Water Diplomacy
Yumiko Yasuda
Chapter 18 - Disinformation Challenges in Water Governance and Diplomacy
Bhanu Neupane
Section IV – Tools of Water Diplomacy
Chapter 19 - Building Political Will for Water Diplomacy
Aaron Salzberg, Ram Aviram
Chapter 20 - Joint Fact-Finding to Tackle Difficult Water Challenges
Todd Schenk, Ben Roston, Kristin Rowles, Megan Rippy, Thomas Birkland, Stanley Grant
Chapter 21 - Modeling to Support Water Management Negotiations
Kevin G. Wheeler
Chapter 22 - Mutual Gains Negotiation in Water Diplomacy
Lawrence Susskind
Chapter 23 - Water Markets: Tools for Management and Diplomacy
Rhett B. Larson
Chapter 24 - Game Theory: Insights for Water Diplomacy
Marc F. Müller, Michèle C. Müller-Itten, Kaveh Madani
Chapter 25 - Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Transformative Approaches: Assessing Progress and Potential in Water Diplomacy
Francesca Greco
Chapter 26 - The Use of Games in Water Diplomacy with Communities
Marco A. Janssen, Raksha Balakrishna
Chapter 27 - International Law and Water Diplomacy
Dinara Ziganshina
Chapter 28 - Conflict Systems Analysis: Integrating Climate and Water Risks
Tobias Petrelius
Chapter 29 - Capacity Development for Water Diplomacy: The Experience Exchange Approach
Virginia Lee Tice, Martina Klimes, Kerry Schneider
Chapter 30 - Movement Building Transformative Water Diplomacy Approaches
Elizabeth A. Koch, Aaron T. Wolf
Section V – Perspectives
Chapter 31 - The UN Watercourses Convention and its Relevance to Water Diplomacy and Negotiated Agreements
Alexandra Campbell-Ferrari, Luke Wilson
Chapter 32 - Groundwater Diplomacy: Addressing Unseen but Essential Water Resources
Alice Aureli, Karen Villholth
Chapter 33 - Organizations as Third Parties in Water Diplomacy Processes
Léna Salamé
Chapter 34 - The Human Right to Water and its Relevance to Transboundary Contexts
Mara Tignino, Tadesse Kebebew, Christian Bréthaut
Chapter 35 - Regional Perspectives on Water and Diplomacy
Saule Ospanova, Sogol Jafarzadeh
Chapter 36 - Principled, Pragmatic, Possible: Water Diplomacy in the Great Bay Estuary
Kevin M. Smith, Shafiqul Islam
Chapter 37 - Neither Necessary nor Sufficient: Roles and Relevance of Enabling Conditions in Resolving Complex Water Problems at Different Scales
Shafiqul Islam, Enamul Choudhury
Section VI – Case Studies at the Transnational Scale
Chapter 38 - Türkiye’s Perspective on Water Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin
Burcu Çallı, Tuğba Evrim Maden
Chapter 39 - The Complexity of Transboundary Water Negotiations: A Case Study of Afghanistan and Iran
Mohd Faizee
Chapter 40 - The Salween River Basin: Navigating Transboundary Governance, Development Pressures, and Civil Society Engagement in China, Myanmar, and Thailand
Kyungmee Kim, Nang Won Lee
Chapter 41 – The Jordan River Basin 70 Years After the Johnston Plan
Shaddad Attili
Chapter 42 - Water Diplomacy in Support of Sustainable Development: The Case of the Sava River Basin
Dejan Komatina
Chapter 43 - Factors that Contribute to Successful Diplomatic Outcomes: Case Study of the Colorado River Basin Cross-boundary Institution
Sharon B. Megdal
Chapter 44 - Failed Attempts to Conclude Water Agreements: The Case of the Silala
Otto Spijkers
Chapter 45 - Safeguarding the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest: A Shared Commitment for Future India-Bangladesh Water Agreements
Rezaur Rahman
Section VII – Case Studies at the Subnational Scale
Chapter 46 - Urmia Lake Restoration Process: Challenges and Applicability of Water Diplomacy Framework
Jalil Salimi, Mahdi Zarghami
Chapter 47 - Indigenous Nations, Water, and Conflict
M. Alexander Pearl
Chapter 48 - Seeing Underground: Understanding Complexity in the Great Basin Groundwater Grab
W. Todd Jarvis
Section VIII – Case Studies at the Community Scale
Chapter 49 - Sukhomajri Water Management as a Coupled System: Understanding of and Adapting to Evolving Changes in System Dynamics
Enamul Choudhury, Shafiqul Islam
Chapter 50 - The Role of Heritage in Understanding Community-Scale Water Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Al-Ghab Plain in Syria
Eva Ziedan
Section IX – Reflections
Chapter 51 - Ground Rules for Water Diplomacy Negotiators
Zodwa Dlamini
Chapter 52 - Water Diplomacy and Transboundary Watercourses: Obstacles and Related Issues in Some Middle Eastern Cases
Hassan Janabi
Chapter 53 - Hydrodiplomacy: The Case of Post-Independence Namibia
Richard Meissner, Piet Heyns, Jeroen Warner, Jo-Ansie van Wyk
Chapter 54 - The Evolving Landscape of Diplomacy
Paolo Lembo, Charlotta Sparre
Epilogue: Navigating the Future of Water Diplomacy
Shafiqul Islam, Kevin M. Smith, Martina Klimes, Aaron Salzberg
Glossary: A Guide to Key Terms in the Handbook
Catherine Knox, Julian Tucker
Index
Biography
Shafiqul Islam is Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Professor of Water Diplomacy at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, and the Director of the Water Diplomacy Program at Tufts University, USA.
Kevin Smith is a PhD candidate in environmental and water resources engineering at Tufts University, USA, investigating how adaptive institutions and infrastructure can improve environmental governance and management outcomes by facilitating and incentivizing interjurisdictional collaboration.
Martina Klimes is Senior Manager and Advisor on Climate, Water, and Peace at the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) and the International Centre for Water Cooperation (ICWC), serves on the Scientific Programme Committee for World Water Week (2019–2025), holds a PhD
in International Relations, and has more than 15 years of experience in dialogue facilitation and
political-security analysis across diverse contexts worldwide.
Aaron Salzberg is Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering in the Gillings School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA, and served as the first Special Coordinator for Water Resources at the US Department of State.






