Introduction
Origin and Nature of SCM’s
General
Fly Ash
Slag
Silica Fume
Natural Pozzolans
Chemical Reactions of SCM’s in Concrete
Pozzolanic Reactions
Hydration of Slag
Effect of SCM’s on the Hydration of Portland Cement
Effect of SCM’s on the Pore Solution Composition
Microstructure of Portland Cement – SCM Systems
Pore Structure
Interfacial Transition Zone, ITZ
Pore Blocking and Mass Transport
Properties of Fresh Concrete
Workability and Water Demand
Bleeding
Air Entrainment
Setting Time
Temperature Rise and Risk of Thermal Cracking
Temperature Rise
Risk of Thermal Cracking
Mechanical Properties
Volume Stability
Chemical and Autogenous Shrinkage
Drying Shrinkage
Creep
Temperature Changes
Durability of Concrete
Permeability
Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement, Chloride Ingress and Carbonation
Resistance to Freezing and Thawing, and De-Icer Salt Scaling
Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)
Sulfate Attack
Heat-Induced Delayed Ettringite Formation
"Physical" Salt Attack
Other Forms of Chemical Attack
Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation
Specifications
ASTM Specifications for SCM’s
ASTM Specifications for Blended Cements – ASTM C 595
ASTM Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cements – ASTM C 1157
Biography
Michael Thomas is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of New Brunswick, as well as a registered professional engineer. He has been working in the field of cement and concrete research since 1983.
"The author links the properties of the material at the microstructural level with its behavior in laboratory tests and, in turn, to the performance of the material in concrete structures under field exposure. He explains how SCMs influence the mechanical properties of concrete and improve its durability and also covers how various SCMs influence hydration reactions and the evolution of the pore structure and pore-solution composition."
––Concrete International Magazine, August 2013
