Principles and Methods
Introduction
Surface Modeling
Classical Methods
Error and Multiscale Issues
Geographical Information Systems
References
The Basic Method of HASM
Introduction
Theoretical Formulation
Optimum Formulation
Iterative Formulation of HASM
Numerical Tests
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Comparative Analyses of Various HASM Algorithms
Introduction
Direct Algorithms of HASM
Iterative Formulation of HASM and Its Coefficient Matrix Structure
Gauss-Seidel Algorithm and Preconditioned Gauss-Seidel Algorithm
Conjugate Gradient Algorithm and Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Adaptive Method of HASM
Introduction
Test Area and Data Acquisition
The Adaptive Method of HASM
Validation of HASM-AM
Discussion and Conclusions
References
The Multigrid Method of HASM
Introduction
The Multigrid Method of HASM
Comparative Analysis of HASM-MG with OK
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Adjustment Computation of HASM
Adjustment Computation
Adjustment Computation of HASM
Tests of Accuracy and Computing Speed
Conclusions and Discussion
References
An Optimal Control Method of HASM for DEM Construction and Its Validation
Introduction
HASM-OC
Validation of HASM-OC
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Basic Approach of HASM to Dynamic Simulation
Introduction
The Basic Formulation
Numerical Test
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Surface Modeling of Environment Components of Earth Surface
Surface Modeling of DEM
Introduction
SRTM Void Filling
Surface Modeling of DEM Based on Height-Sampling Points
Surface Modeling of DEM Based on Topological Maps
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Surface Modeling of Population Distribution
Introduction
The SMPD Method
SMPD-Based Population Simulation on a National Level of China
Surface Modeling of Population Distribution in Beijing
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Surface Modeling of Human Carrying Capacity
Introduction
Method
Data Sets
Food Provision Capacity of Terrestrial Ecosystems
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Changing Trends of Food Provision in China
Introduction
Farmland Change
Yield Change and Food Production in Farmland
Grassland Productivity
Aquatic Products
Import and Export of Food
Population that Food Could Support
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Surface Modeling of Ecological Diversity
Introduction
The Ecological Diversity Index
Effects of Different Spatial Scales on the Relationship between Species Diversity and Ecosystem Diversity
Case Studies
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Change Detection
Introduction
Landscape Change Detection
Change Detection of Land Cover in the Yellow River Delta
Discussion and Conclusions
References
The Simulation of Horizontal Wind Velocity
Introduction
Estimation of the Parameters
The Simulation of Vertical Wind Profile
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Surface Modeling of Climatic Change and Scenarios
Introduction
The Downscaling of HadCM3 Scenarios on a Global Level
Simulation of Climatic Surfaces on a National Level
The Simulation of Climatic Surfaces on a Provincial Level
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Surface Modeling of Terrestrial Ecosystems
Introduction
Methods
Scenarios of Terrestrial Ecosystems on a Global Level
Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulation on a National Level
Ecosystem Changing Trends on a Provincial Level
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Surface Modeling of Land Cover
Introduction
Land-Cover Classification and Transition Probability Matrixes
The Spatial Distribution of Land-Cover Types
Area Changes of Land-Cover Types
Ecotope Diversity and Patch Connectivity of Land-Cover
Mean Center Shifts of Land-Cover Types
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Surface Modeling of Soil Properties
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Analyses
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Ecological Modeling and Earth Surface Simulation
Introduction
Earth Surface Modeling
Systems Ecology
Worldwide Collaborations
Global Models
Simulation Systems
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Index
Biography
Tian-Xiang Yue
"... essential reading for all interested in surface modeling because it presents a new high accuracy and high speed methodology of surface modeling. ... has made a new and important contribution to earth surface modeling. It is helpful for everybody involved in geographical information science, ecological informatics, landscape ecology, geography, computer-aided design, global earth observation, and planetary surface modeling."
—Sven Erik Jørgensen, University of Copenhagen, Ecological Modelling
