Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement covers the applications and techniques of flow measurement. This definitive book provides guidelines for choosing appropriate techniques and assuring valid measurements as well as describes methods for treatment of calibration data in fluid flow under various conditions. The book also covers three systems of units: the SI system, the English Absolute Dimensional system, and the English Engineering system. Commonly used - and often misused - variables such as force, weight, and pressure are defined, and the relationships between the systems for these common variables are summarized.
One of the many unique features of Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement is the number of ready-to-use tables included throughout the text. Tables are provided for such commonly encountered variables as the saturation vapor pressure of water; the composition of dry air; the compressibility factor for air; air-free and air-saturated water density; viscosity of dry air, nitrogen, and other gases; and specific heat/specific volume ratios for dry air, water vapor, and moist air. Another unique feature of this book is the number of highly relevant examples. The author includes examples/exercises that demonstrate applications for density calculations; water vapor mixing ratio determination; gas viscosity interpolation; NIST guideline applications; buoyancy corrections; and more.
Force
Weighing
Pressure
Application to Manometry
Density of Gases
Development of the Air Density Equation
Parameters of the Air Density Equation
Uncertainties in Air Density
Uncertainties in the Environmental Quantities
Use of Constant Values of f, Z, and Ma in the Air Density Equation
CIPM-81 Air Density Equation
Densities of Some Other Gases
Density of Water
Formulations of Kell
New Formulations
Tables
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio as a Flow Parameter
Density of Moist Air. Freestream Air Velocity
Real-Gas Ratio of Specific Heats, g, for Moist Air
Calculation of Saturation Mixing Ratio
Uncertainty in the Calculation of rs
Viscosity of Gases
Experimental Data
Development of Equations
Ranges of Application of the Equations
Tables
Gamma, Ratio of Specific Heats for Air
Real-Gas Specific Heats of Air
Real-Gas Specific Heats of Water Vapor
Measurement Uncertainty
NIST Guidelines
Buoyancy Corrections in Weighing
Buoyant Force and Buoyancy Correction
Application of the Simple Buoyancy Correction Factor to Weighing on a Single-Pan Balance
The Electronic Analytical Balance
Examples of Effects of Failure to Make Buoyancy Corrections
Real-Gas Critical Flow Factor, C*
Interpolation Formula for C*
Subsonic Flow and Discharge Coefficients
Subsonic Flow of Gas through Venturis, Nozzles, and Orifices
Nozzle Discharge Coefficient
Derivation of Discharge Coefficient, CD, for Orifice Plates
Automatic Pipets
Calibration of Automatic Pipets
Results and Conclusions
Reference Method for Testing Hydrometers
Hydrometer Calibration Method
Application of the Method to Hydrometer Calibration
Treatment of Laminar Flowmeter Calibration Data
Development of the Equation
Effect of Kinematic Viscosity on Performance of Turbine Flowmeters
Application of Dimensional Analysis
Curvature of a Plot of f/Q against f
Experimental Determinations of a(v) and b(v)
Discussion and Conclusions
Analysis of Calibration Data for Vortex Shedding Flowmeter
Treatment of Calibration Data for Venturi Meters
Ascertaining Linear Range of Anemometers
Jones's Treatment of Calibration Data for Turbine Flowmeters
Treatment of Anemometer Calibration Data
Application of the Analysis
Diverter Corrections
Diverter Valve Correction
Conclusions
Calibration of Platform Scale
Experimental
Volumetric Test Measures: Types of Test Measures
Calibration of Test Measures
Equivalence of Gravimetric and Volumetric Test Measure. Example of Uncertainty for Gravimetric Calibration
Experimental Determination of Density of Liquids
Liquid Density Determination by Hydrostatic Weighing
Determination of the Density of Liquids Using a Mechanical Oscillator Technique
Tank Volume
Tank Calibration
Calibration Equation
Application to Flow Measurement
Index
Biography
Frank E. Jones is an independent consultant in the Washington D.C. area. For many years he was a physicist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. He is the author of over 75 technical publications, three books and holds several measurement-related patents.