1st Edition

Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement

By Frank E. Jones Copyright 1995

    Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement covers the applications and techniques of flow measurement. This definitive book provides guidelines for choosing appropriate techniques and assuring valid measurements as well as describes methods for treatment of calibration data in fluid flow under various conditions. The book also covers three systems of units: the SI system, the English Absolute Dimensional system, and the English Engineering system. Commonly used - and often misused - variables such as force, weight, and pressure are defined, and the relationships between the systems for these common variables are summarized.
    One of the many unique features of Techniques and Topics in Flow Measurement is the number of ready-to-use tables included throughout the text. Tables are provided for such commonly encountered variables as the saturation vapor pressure of water; the composition of dry air; the compressibility factor for air; air-free and air-saturated water density; viscosity of dry air, nitrogen, and other gases; and specific heat/specific volume ratios for dry air, water vapor, and moist air. Another unique feature of this book is the number of highly relevant examples. The author includes examples/exercises that demonstrate applications for density calculations; water vapor mixing ratio determination; gas viscosity interpolation; NIST guideline applications; buoyancy corrections; and more.

    Force, Weight, and Pressure Units
    Force
    Weighing
    Pressure
    Application to Manometry
    Density of Gases
    Development of the Air Density Equation
    Parameters of the Air Density Equation
    Uncertainties in Air Density
    Uncertainties in the Environmental Quantities
    Use of Constant Values of f, Z, and Ma in the Air Density Equation
    CIPM-81 Air Density Equation
    Densities of Some Other Gases
    Density of Water
    Formulations of Kell
    New Formulations
    Tables
    Water Vapor Mixing Ratio as a Flow Parameter
    Density of Moist Air. Freestream Air Velocity
    Real-Gas Ratio of Specific Heats, g, for Moist Air
    Calculation of Saturation Mixing Ratio
    Uncertainty in the Calculation of rs
    Viscosity of Gases
    Experimental Data
    Development of Equations
    Ranges of Application of the Equations
    Tables
    Gamma, Ratio of Specific Heats for Air
    Real-Gas Specific Heats of Air
    Real-Gas Specific Heats of Water Vapor
    Measurement Uncertainty
    NIST Guidelines
    Buoyancy Corrections in Weighing
    Buoyant Force and Buoyancy Correction
    Application of the Simple Buoyancy Correction Factor to Weighing on a Single-Pan Balance
    The Electronic Analytical Balance
    Examples of Effects of Failure to Make Buoyancy Corrections
    Real-Gas Critical Flow Factor, C*
    Interpolation Formula for C*
    Subsonic Flow and Discharge Coefficients
    Subsonic Flow of Gas through Venturis, Nozzles, and Orifices
    Nozzle Discharge Coefficient
    Derivation of Discharge Coefficient, CD, for Orifice Plates
    Automatic Pipets
    Calibration of Automatic Pipets
    Results and Conclusions
    Reference Method for Testing Hydrometers
    Hydrometer Calibration Method
    Application of the Method to Hydrometer Calibration
    Treatment of Laminar Flowmeter Calibration Data
    Development of the Equation
    Effect of Kinematic Viscosity on Performance of Turbine Flowmeters
    Application of Dimensional Analysis
    Curvature of a Plot of f/Q against f
    Experimental Determinations of a(v) and b(v)
    Discussion and Conclusions
    Analysis of Calibration Data for Vortex Shedding Flowmeter
    Treatment of Calibration Data for Venturi Meters
    Ascertaining Linear Range of Anemometers
    Jones's Treatment of Calibration Data for Turbine Flowmeters
    Treatment of Anemometer Calibration Data
    Application of the Analysis
    Diverter Corrections
    Diverter Valve Correction
    Conclusions
    Calibration of Platform Scale
    Experimental
    Volumetric Test Measures: Types of Test Measures
    Calibration of Test Measures
    Equivalence of Gravimetric and Volumetric Test Measure. Example of Uncertainty for Gravimetric Calibration
    Experimental Determination of Density of Liquids
    Liquid Density Determination by Hydrostatic Weighing
    Determination of the Density of Liquids Using a Mechanical Oscillator Technique
    Tank Volume
    Tank Calibration
    Calibration Equation
    Application to Flow Measurement
    Index

    Biography

    Frank E. Jones is an independent consultant in the Washington D.C. area. For many years he was a physicist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. He is the author of over 75 technical publications, three books and holds several measurement-related patents.