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Drawing on the author’s practical work from the last 20 years, Techniques in High Pressure Neutron Scattering is one of the first books to gather recent methods that allow neutron scattering well beyond 10 GPa. The author shows how neutron scattering has to be adapted to the pressure range and type of measurement.
Suitable for both newcomers and experienced high pressure scientists and engineers, the book describes various solutions spanning two to three orders of magnitude in pressure that have emerged in the past three decades. Many engineering concepts are illustrated through examples of real high pressure devices that have demonstrated their capacity and have produced scientific results.
After introducing basic engineering concepts related to the elastic and plastic behavior of cylindrical pressure devices, the text emphasizes mechanical and neutronic properties of construction materials. Subsequent chapters describe numerous high pressure techniques, including liquid/gas, clamp, and McWhan cells. The book also focuses on Paris-Edinburgh devices, high pressure metrology, and scientific applications.
Basic Concepts
Basic elements of material strength
The cylindrical pressure vessel
Construction Materials I: Nonferrous Alloys
Copper beryllium
Titanium-zirconium (TiZr)
High tensile titanium alloys
High tensile aluminium alloys
Construction Materials II: Steels and Super-Alloys
General
The iron-carbon phase diagram
Other alloy elements
Designation (naming) of steels
High tensile steels
Stainless steels
Superalloys
Hydrogen compatibility
Construction Materials III: Sinter Materials
Tungsten carbide (TC)
Sintered cubic boron nitride (cBN)
Sintered diamond (SD)
Perspective: Nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD)
Ceramics
Liquid/Gas and Clamp Pressure Cells
Liquid/gas pressure cells
Clamp cells
McWhan-Type Cells
General
Conclusion
Sapphire, Moissanite and Diamond Anvil Cells
Sapphire cells
Moissanite anvil cells (MACs)
Diamond anvil cells (DACs)
Special Designs
SANS high pressure cells
Single-crystal sapphire gas cells
Uniaxial Pressure Cells
General
Clamp devices
Remotely operated devices
Paris-Edinburgh Cells I
General
Load-frames
Anvils and gaskets
General remarks and observations
Paris-Edinburgh Cells II: Low and High Temperatures
General
Low temperatures
High temperatures
Paris-Edinburgh Cells III: Ancillary Equipment
Oil and gas compressors
Loading clamps
High pressure gas loading
Anvil rotor
Pressure Determination and Pressure Transmitting Media
Equations-of-state (EoS)
Pressure markers
Useful empirical rules
Pressure transmitting media (PTM)
General comments and recommendations
Applications
General
Diffraction
Inelastic scattering
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS)
Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS)
Appendices
Bibliography
Index
I was delighted when I learnt that Stefan Klotz was writing this book. He has an exceptional depth of knowledge and experience of high-pressure techniques, particularly as applied to neutron scattering, and it is to be greatly welcomed that he has drawn this all together and made it available. … After his 20 years at the centre of this field, there can be no one better placed to provide an authoritative and comprehensive account of state-of-the-art techniques for high-pressure neutron scattering, including all the major contemporary experimental techniques. Those who have benefited from his direct advice and assistance will know the high-level practical and intuitive skills he brings to bear on solving technical problems and advancing innovation. Throughout the book, he has included a large amount of the wealth of practical experience, working recipes and ‘rules of thumb’ that he has accumulated, working on his own research and with collaborators, but which has never before been gathered together and published in this accessible way.
—From the Foreword by Richard Nelmes, University of Edinburgh
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