Technology and Forced Migration Ukrainian Migrants in Central and Eastern Europe

List of Tables and Figures

List of Contributors

Introduction – Agnieszka BIELEWSKA, Karin AMIT, Ewa ŚLĘZAK-BELOWSKA, Marie JELÍNKOVÁ

Background and general approach of the book

CEE countries in the context of forced migration

Forced migrants and refugees

Organization of the research and methods

Structure of the book

References

CHAPTER 1. Migration and technologies dilemmas – Ewa ŚLĘZAK-BELOWSKA, Marie JELÍNKOVÁ, Giacomo SOLANO

Abstract

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Modern technologies’ development in a nutshell

1.2.1 Modern technologies: from simple autonomy to complicated interconnectedness

1.2.2. Technologies and transformation of human lives

1.2.3. Transformation of migrants’ lives through the ICTs

1.3. The evolution of studies on ICTs and migration

1.3.1. Use of ICTs to control migrants and manage migration flows

1.3.2. Use of ICTs by migrants to acquire information and knowledge of migration

1.3.3. Use of ICTs for migrants’ integration and inclusion

1.4. Ukraine, digitalization and ICTs

1.4.1. Ukrainian forced migrants

1.4.2. Ukraine and digital infrastructure

1.4.3. Digital literacy in Ukraine

1.4.4. Ukraine, connectivity and war

1.5. Concerns and conclusions

Reference list

CHAPTER 2. Technologies in migration decision-making – Karin AMIT

Abstract

2.1. Introduction

2.2. The migration decision-making: A general overview

2.3. The migration decision-making process of forced migrants

2.4. Digital technologies in the decision-making process of Ukrainian forced migrants

2.4.1. The role of smartphones

2.4.2. Case study of Ukrainian forced migrants in Czechia and Poland

2.5. Conclusion

Bibliography

CHAPTER 3. Private Sector and Migrants: The Case of Telecommunication Companies in CEE in Response to Ukrainian Migrants – Marie JELÍNKOVÁ, Kelly SODERSTROM

Abstract

3.1. Introduction

3.2. The Multifaceted Role of Tech Companies

3.3. Ukrainian war and the role of mobile providers

3.4. Telecommunications sector and the war in Ukraine

3.4.1. The telecommunications sector and the measures taken in Ukraine

3.4.2. War in Ukraine and initiatives of EU operators

3.4.3. Ukrainian forced migrants in CEE countries and the assistance of mobile phone operators

3.5. Key mobile phone operators and their assistance to refugees in Central Europe

3.5.1. Hungary and Slovakia

3.5.2. Polish actions taken on the European level resulting in the EU-Ukraine free roaming area

3.6. Useful, commendable, but ambiguous

3.7. Controversies and dilemmas stemming from ICT influence and everyday practices

3.7.1. Regulation of the relationship between the state and private companies

3.7.2. Voluntariness, goals and values of private sector companies

3.8. Conclusion

Reference list

CHAPTER 4. Public sector and technologies – communication, information and daily practices – Agnieszka BIELEWSKA, Ksenia NARANOVICH, Igor LYUBASHENKO

Abstract

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Providing and accessing information

4.2.1. Availability of information prior to February 2022

4.2.2. Availability of information since February 2022: Central and local (city) levels

4.2.3. Information and demographic complexities

4.3. Digital public services for Ukrainian forced migrants - Lessons for CEE to be drawn from Poland

4.3.1. Stay legalisation

4.3.2. Digital ID (diia.pl)

4.3.3. Digital services available: Central and local levels

4.3.4. Potential and controversies of of digital public services

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 5. The multi-level governance and actors’ perspective on technologies in migrants’ integration – Ewa ŚLĘZAK-BELOWSKA, Beata PARAGI

Abstract

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Migrants’ integration in CEEs

5.2.1. Migrant integration: theory and practice

5.2.2. Integration of forced migrants in CEE

5.3. Migrants’ integration from the perspective of the state

5.3.1. The state and migrants’ integration: between coordination and outsourcing

5.3.2. Implementation: international actors and civil society vis-à-vis migrants’ integration

5.4. Technologies at play: digital practices and services for Ukrainian forced migrants

5.4.1. The digitalisation of the state and innovative approach towards migrants

5.4.2. The stakeholders at play: the digital state and other actors

5.4.3. Information seeking, communicating, and belonging to online groups

5.4.4. Digital platforms - networking, bridging and bonding with individuals

5.4.5. Risks and controversies

5.5. Implications and conclusions 

References

CHAPTER 6. Digital Technologies in EU Migration Governance – Sinem YILMAZ, Tuba BIRCAN

Abstract

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Migration and technologies: context and theoretical framework

6.2.1. New technologies

6.2.2. EU borders

6.3. Evolution of digital technologies in EU migration governance

6.3.1. Digital tools

6.3.2. The Pact on Migration and Asylum and the new regulations

6.4. Migration stages and technologies

6.5. The case of Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Belarusian borders

6.5.1. Polish-Belarusian border

6.5.2. Polish-Ukrainian border

6.5.3. Further differences

6.5.4. EU Migration Pact and the advanced border technologies

6.6. Conclusion

Reference list

CHAPTER 7. Challenges of technologies’ use and migration – Ewa ŚLĘZAK-BELOWSKA, Marie JELÍNKOVÁ, Karin AMIT, Agnieszka BIELEWSKA

Abstract

7.1. Introduction

7.2. The monograph findings

7.3. The general outlook on concerns and challenges

7.4. Major challenges at stake

7.5. The value added

7.6. Scenarios for future and recommendations

References

Index

Biography

Ewa Ślęzak-Belowska is an Associate Professor, and a head of Department of Applied Economics at the Krakow University of Economics.

Marie Jelínková is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences at Charles University in Prague.

Agnieszka Bielewska is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Wrocław.

Karin Amit is an Associate Professor, Dean of Ruppin Academic Center‘s Faculty of Management & Economics, and a senior researcher at the Institute for Migration and Social Integration.