1st Edition

Temperate Crop Science and Breeding Ecological and Genetic Studies

    610 Pages 100 B/W Illustrations
    by Apple Academic Press

    610 Pages 100 B/W Illustrations
    by Apple Academic Press

    This new collection covers a wide variety of research on the ecological aspects of crops growing under stress conditions due to atmospheric changes and pollution and the impact on both plant and human health. The book provides research that will help to find ways to overcome adverse abiotic environmental factors and unfavorable anthropogenic pressures on crop plants, which also eventually impact human health.





    Divided into six parts, leading authors from many institutes provide and share new knowledge gained from studies on ecological and genetic controls of plant resistance to various adverse environmental factors. Geneticists and breeders are creating new cultivars and hybrids of crops, which greatly expand the range of source material. The book includes a range of material on the biology, genetics, and breeding of crops, taking into account ecological and climatic conditions, with emphasis on the impact to humans. The main agricultural crops are studied: cereals, fodder crops, and horticultural plants. The chapters include the interaction of plant–soil–environment, ways of using plants as anticancer drugs, and other important problems and trends in agricultural and nature management.





    The role of different genetic and agronomical approaches to improving plant productivity and seasonal and profile dynamics of elements of soil acidity are considered. With the increasing demand and consumption of vegetables and fruits (by themselves or as additions to other foods), new agricultural methods are needed to overcome the deficit, and these new methods pose new concerns.





    The book includes:





    • Plant breeding under adverse conditions of acid soils


    • New studies in horticultural crop science


    • Ecological peculiarities of particular regions and cytogenetic anomalies of the local human population


    • Phenogenetic studies of cultivated plants and biological properties of the seeds


    • Anthropogenic pressure on environmental and plant diversity


    • Methods of evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative characters of selection samples




    The research found here will be valuable to agricultural engineers and others and is applicable at both regional and international levels.

    Preface

    Introduction

    PART I. PLANT BREEDING UNDER ADVERSE CONDITIONS OF ACID SOILS

    Breeding of Grain Crops in Extreme Climatic Conditions; Galina A. Batalova, Irina N. Shchennikova, and Eugene M. Lisitsyn

    Genetics of Quantitative Traits of Productivity and Qualities of Grain of Oat; Avena Sativa L., Galina A. Batalova, and Eugene M. Lisitsyn

    Role of Somaclonal Variation in Cereal Breeding for Aluminum Resistance; Eugene M. Lisitsyn and Lyudmila N. Shikhova

    Ecological Stability of Spring Barley Varieties; Irina N. Shchennikova and Eugene M. Lisitsyn

    Barley Genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) Created by the Method of Cell Selection; Olga N. Shupletsova, Irina N. Shchennikova, and Tatyana K. Sheshegova

    Basic Elements of Mineral Nutrition at Plants of Grain Crops under Conditions of Oxygen Stress; Lyudmila N. Shihova, Eugene M. Lisitsyn, and Galina A. Batalova

    Edaphic Stress as the Modifier of Correlation of Yield Structure’s Elements in Cereal Crops; Eugene M. Lisitsyn and Lyudmila N. Shikhova

    PART II. HORTICULTURAL CROP SCIENCE

    Biological Features of the New Pear Cultivars (Pyrus communis L.); Mykola Ol. Bublyk, Oksana Iv. Mykychuk, Liudmyla A. Fryzyuk, Liudmyla M. Levchyk, and Galyna A. Chorna

    Amino Acid Composition of Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.); Irina L. Zamorska

    The Viral Diseases of the Corilus Spp. ¿iotechnology of Production of Improvement Plant Material; Galina A. Tarasenko, Ivan Sem. Kosenko, Olga A. Boyko, and Anatoly Iv. Opalko

    Phylogenetic Connections Between Representatives of the Genus Amelanchier Medik; Anatoly Iv. Opalko, Olena D. Andrienko, and Olga ¿. Opalko

    PART III. ECOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE FOOTHILLS OF THE NORTHEN CAUCASUS: CYTOGENETIC ANOMALIES OF THE LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION

    Sources of Fresh and Mineral Water in North Ossetia—Alania; Margarita E. Dzodzikova

    Introduction of Clover Species (Trifolium L.) in the North Caucasus; Sarra A. Bekuzarova, Lidia B. Sokolova, and Irina T. Samova

    Detoxification of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals; Galina P. Khubaeva, Sarra A. Bekuzarova, and Kurman E. Sokaev

    Genetic Health of the Human Population as a Reflection of the Environment: Cytogenetic Analysis; Lidia V. Chopikashvili, Tatiana I. Tsidaeva, Sergey V. Skupnevsky, Elena G. Pu¿haeva, Larisa A. Bobyleva, and Fatima K. Rurua

    PART IV. PHENOGENETIC STUDIES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SEEDS

    Ecological and Biological Study of Collection of the Genus Hordeum L.; Nina A. Bome, Nikolay V. Tetyannikov, Alexander Ya. Bome, and Olga N. Kovalyova

    Reaction of Collection Samples of Barley (Hordeum L.) and Oats (Avena L.) on Chloride Salinization; Nina A. Bome and Alexander Ya. Bome

    Resistance to Impact of Environment Factors of Hybrid Forms Soft Spring Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.); Elena I. Ripberger and Nina A. Bome

    Comparative Trials of Variety Samples of Eastern Galega (Galega orientalis Lam.); Vera I. Bushuyeva, Marina N. Avramenko, and Catherine S. Andronovich

    PART V. ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND PLANT DIVERSITY

    Plant Response to Oil Contamination in Simulated Conditions; Nina A. Bome and Reval A. Nazyrov

    Influence of Anthropogenic Pressure on Environmental Characteristics of Meadow Habitats in the Forest and Forest-Steppe Zones; Anna ¿. Kuzemko

    Dynamics of the Floristic Diversity of Meadows as a Stability Factor of Herbaceous Ecosystems; Rafail A. Afanas'ev

    Botanico-Geographical Zoning of the Upper Dnieper Basin on the Base of the J. Braun-Blanquet Vegetation Classification Approach; Yury A. Semenishchenkov

    PART VI: METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERS OF SELECTION SAMPLES

    Sustainability of Agrocenoses in the Use of Fertilizers on the Basis of Sewage Sludge; Genrietta Ye. Merzlaya and Michail O. Smirnov

    Transformation of Mobile Phosphorus in the Soils of Agroecosystems During Prolonged Trials; Rafail A. Afanas’ev and Genrietta Ye. Merzlaya

    Accounting Within-Field Variability of Soil Fertility to Optimize Differentiated Fertilizer Application; Rafail A. Afanas'ev

    Gas Discharge Visualization of Selection Samples of Trifolium Pretense; Victoria ¿. Belyayeva

    Application Galega orientalis Lam. for Solving Problems of Reduction the Cost of Forage; Igor Y. Kuznetsov

    The Effect on the Incidence and the Development of Malignant Tumors; Valery N. Erokhin, Tamara A. Misharina, Elena B. Burlakova, and Anna V. Krementsova

    Index

    Biography

    Sarra A. Bekuzarova, DSc in agriculture, is head of the Laboratory at Plant Breeding of Fodder Crops at the North Caucasus of Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. She is also a professor at Gorsky State University of Agriculture, Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia, as well as a professor at L. N. Kosta Khetagurov North-Ossetia State University, Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia.She is also a prolific author, researcher, and lecturer, and has received the Medal of Popova. She is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences as well as a member of the International Academy of Authors of Scientific Discoveries and Inventions, the International Academy of Sciences and Ecology, All-Russian Academy of Non-traditional and Rare Plants, and the International Academy of Agrarian Education, among others. She is a member of the editorial boards of several scientific journals and co-edited the books Ecological Consequences of Increasing Crop Productivity: Plant Breeding and Biotic Diversity, and Biological Systems, Biodiversity, and Stability of Plant Communities.Nina Anatolievna Bome, DSc in agriculture, is professor and head of the Department of Botany, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture at the Institute of Biology at the Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia. She is the author of monographs, articles, schoolbooks, and patents, and she is a lecturer. She is the director and founder of the Scientific School for Young Specialists. She is the author of about 300 publications. She participates in long-term Russian and international programs. Her main field of interest concerns basic problems of adaptive potential of cultivated crops, mutagenesis, possibility of conservation, enhancing biodiversity of plants, methods of evaluation of plants' resistance to the phytopatogens