Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology Two-Volume Set

Preface Linda Cardozo and David Staskin

VOLUME ONE: CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES

SECTION 1: BACKGROUND ISSUES

Section Editor: Ian Milsom

1. History of Urogynecology and Female Urology
Jane A. Schulz and Harold P. Drutz

2 Tackling the stigma of incontinence
Angie Rantell

3 The epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence, other lower urinary tract symptoms, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Maria Gyhagen and Ian Milsom

4 Natural history and prevention of Urinary Incontinence and urogenital prolapse

Ifeoma Offiah, Chendrimada K. Madhu, Ruben Trochez, and Robert M. Freeman

5 A short history of surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence

Dudley Robinson and Linda Cardozo

6 The history of surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Sören Lange and Heinz Kölbl

7 Medical error and patient safety in surgery

Roxane Gardner

8 Medicolegal issues in Urogynaecology

Swati Jha

SECTION 2: ROLE OF PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES AND HEALTH ECONOMICS

Section Editor: Nikki Cotterill

9 Patient-Reported Outcomes: From development to utilization

Karin Coyne, Chris Sexton, and Alan Uren

10 Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires to assess health-related Quality of Life and symptom impact

Victoria Kershaw, Thomas Gray, Swati Jha, and Stephen Radley

11 Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires to screen and measure satisfaction, expectations, and goal achievement

Zoe S. Kopp, Christopher J. Evans, and Nathan A. Johnson

12 Questionnaires to assess sexual function

Claudine Domoney, Tara Symonds, and Raman Basra

13 Questionnaires to assess bowel function

Alison Hainsworth and Andrew Williams

14 International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire

Alan Uren, Nikki Cotterill and Paul Abrams

15 Electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire (ePAQ) pelvic floor

Thomas Gray, Victoria Kershaw, and Stephen Radley

16 Questionnaires to assess Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Alka A. Bhide and Alex Digesu

17 Economic aspects of Urinary Incontinence

Marie-Aimée Perrouin-Verbe

SECTION 3: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT AND ANORECTAL TRACT IN WOMEN

Section Editor: Lori Birder

18 Anatomy

John O.L. DeLancey

19 Embryology of the female urogenital system and clinical applications

Dana Weiss and Stephen A. Zderic

20 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for the female genitourinary system

Sara Anis and Anthony Atala

21 Physiology of micturition

Naoki Yoshimura, Pradeep Tyagi, and Michael B. Chancellor

22 Pharmacology of the bladder and emerging treatments

Karl-Erik Andersson

23 Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in the female patient

David Staskin, Márcio A. Averbeck, and Alan J. Wein

24 Research horizons: Translational and in development

Christopher Fry

SECTION 4: DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF INCONTINENCE AND UROGENITAL PROLAPSE Section Editor: Dudley Robinson

25 History and examination

Vik Khullar and Visha Tailor

26 Bladder diary and symptom scores

Nikki Cotterill and Alan Uren

27 Pad tests

Marie-Andrée Harvey

28 Basic urodynamic tests: Uroflowmetry

Matthias Oelke

29 Basic urodynamic tests: Filling and voiding cystometry

Hashim Hashim and Andrew Gammie

30 Tests of urethral function

Niels Klarskov

31 Videourodynamics

Ilias Giarenis

32 Special urodynamic tests: Ambulatory urodynamics

Kevin L.J. Rademakers, Desiree M.J. Vrijens, and Gommert A. van Koeveringe

33 Basic neurological evaluation and referral

Melita Rotar, Jalesh N. Panicker, and David B. Vodušek

34 Imaging of the upper and lower urinary tract: Radiology

Andrea Tubaro, Riccardo Lombardo, and Antonio Carbone

35 Ultrasound in urogynecology: Lower genitourinary tract

Kamil Svabik

36 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in urogynecology

Elisabetta Costantini, Francesco Trama, and Ester Illiano

37 Cystoscopy and vesicoscopy

Paul A Moran, Jennifer Cole, and Tamsin Greenwell

38 Urinalysis and urine culture

Rajvinder Khasriya, Kiren Gill, and Alexandros Fanourgiakis

39 The urinary microbiome

Visha Tailor, Alka A. Bhide, and Vik Khullar

SECTION 5: CONSERVATIVE AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE THERAPIES

Section Editor: Eric Rovner

40 The role of the Continence Nurse

Angie Rantell

41 Behavioral therapies and management of Urinary Incontinence in women

Kathryn L. Burgio

42 Physiotherapy for urinary incontinence

Enrico Finazzi-Agrò, Donatella Giraudo, Simone Pletto, and Gianfranco Lamberti

43 Pessaries and devices: Nonsurgical treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence

Joseph T. Kowalski and Catherine S. Bradley

44 Catheters, pads, and pants

Kevin Cwach and Eric Rovner

45 Drug treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in women

Ariana L. Smith and Alan J. Wein

46 Botulinum Toxin treatment of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity and Overactive Bladder

David Ginsberg, Rita Jen, and Unwanaobong Nseyo

47 Electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation

Bary Berghmans

48 Peripheral neuromodulation

John Heesakkers and Frank Martens

49 Sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of female Overactive Bladder syndrome and nonobstructive urinary retention

Dora K. Jericevic, Benjamin Brucker, and Benoit Peyronnet

50 Nonsurgical transurethral radio frequency therapy, laser, and other interventions for the treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence

Elizabeth A. Rourke and Roger R. Dmochowski

51 Injectable bulking agents in the treatment of female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Elisabeth M. Sebesta, Brian J. Linder, Philip Wanzek, Deborah J. Lightner, and Roger R. Dmochowski

SECTION 6: ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

Section Editor: Philip Toozs-Hobson

52 The Overactive Bladder

Pedro Abreu Mendes and Francisco Cruz

53 Neurological disorders

Claire Hentzen and Jalesh N Panicker

54 Nonneurogenic voiding dysfunction and urinary retention

Felicity Reeves and Jeremy Ockrim

55 Pathophysiology of chronic pelvic pain

Athanasios E. Dellis, Athanasios G. Papatsoris, and Lazaros Tzelves

56 Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis

Ilias Liapis and Matthew Parsons

57 The urinary and vaginal microbiomes

Niels Frimodt-Møller, Karen Leth Nielsen, and Frederik Boetius Hertz

58 Bacterial cystitis in Urogynaecology: An update

Kate H. Moore, Zhuoran Chen, and Nèvine I.D. te West

59 Vaginitis

Jack D. Sobel

60 The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on the pelvic floor

Martino Maria Zacchè and Philip Toozs-Hobson

61 Problems associated with sexual activity

Anna Padoa, Tal Fligelman, and Roni Tomashev

62 Menopause

Elizabeth Stephenson and Timothy C. Hillard

63 Sports and fitness activities

Kari Bø

64 Anal incontinence

Alison Hainsworth and Andrew Williams

65 Constipation

Yvette Perston, Anil Bagul, Sarah Addison, and Simon Radley

66 Female Sexual Dysfunction

Maria Uloko and Irwin Goldstein

67 Multidisciplinary clinics: Urogynaecology, Colorectal, and Urology

Hayser Medina Lucena, Ivilina Pandeva, and Ashish Pradhan

Index

VOLUME TWO: SURGICAL PERSPECTIVES

SECTION 7: SURGERY FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE

Section Editor: Roger Dmochowski

68 How and why incontinence surgery works

Joshua Kent Calvert, Elizabeth Rourke, Mauricio Plata, Nicolas Fernandez, David James Osborn, and Roger Dmochowski

69 Peri- and postoperative care

George Araklitis, Sushma Srikrishna, and Linda Cardozo

70 Traditional surgery and other historical procedures for Stress Incontinence

Elisabeth Sebesta, Malcolm Lucas, Elizabeth Timbrook Brown, and Roger Dmochowski

71 Retropubic urethropexy

Dudley Robinson and Linda Cardozo

72 Fascial slings

Elizabeth A. Rourke, W. Stuart Reynolds, Aaron Brothers, David James Osborn, Roger R. Dmochowski and Melissa R. Kaufman

73 Retropubic mid urethral sling procedure for the treatment of Female Urinary Stress Incontinence

Steven Schraffordt

74 Transobturator tape for surgical treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Outside-in technique

Emmanuel Delorme

75 Single-incision minislings

Mickey Karram and Ahmed Abdelaziz

76 Readjustable slings: Safyre and Remeex

Paulo Palma, Cassio Riccetto, and Carlos Errando Smet

77 Artificial urinary sphincter for treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in women

Elizabeth A. Rourke, David Castro-Diaz, David Staskin, and Roger R. Dmochowski

78 Diagnosis and treatment of obstruction following incontinence surgery: Urethrolysis and other techniques

Elisabeth Sebesta, Melissa R Kaufman, W. Stuart Reynolds, Stephen Mock, and Roger R Dmochowski

79 Complications of stress urinary incontinence surgery

Véronique Phé and Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler

80 Mesh complications and their management

Antonin Prouza and Hashim Hashim

SECTION 8: SURGERY FOR UROGENITAL PROLAPSE

Section Editor: Peter Sand

81 Classification and epidemiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Steven E. Swift and Joel D. Winer

82 Anterior vaginal wall prolapse

Whitney K. Hendrickson and Matthew D. Barber

83 Enterocele

Kaven Baessler

84 Rectocele: Anatomic and functional repair

Olivia H. Chang, James H. Ross, and Marie Fidela R. Paraiso

85 Vaginal approach to apical suspension

Debjyoti Karmakar and Peter L Dwyer

86 Open abdominal approach to supporting the vaginal apex

Russell Stanley, T. Clark Powell, and Holly E. Richter

87 Uterine preservation and hysteropexy

Roger P. Goldberg and Nani P. Moss

88 Surgery for urogenital prolapse: Colpocleisis

Emilly Santos and G. Willy Davila

89 Biologic and synthetic grafts in reconstructive pelvic surgery

Katrina M. Knight, Brittany R. Egnot, William R. Barone, and Pamela A. Moalli

90 Complications of synthetic mesh used to repair Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence

Rubin Raju, Ahmed Abdelaziz, Mickey Karram and John B. Gebhart

91 Management of the perineum, episiotomy, and perineal reconstruction

Oliver Daly

92 Primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries

Ruwan Fernando and Abdul H. Sultan

93 Surgery for fecal incontinence

Emanuela Silva-Alvarenga, Yasmin Zerhouni, and Steven D. Wexner

94 Rectal prolapse and other causes of defecatory dysfunction

Megan R. Routzong, Steven Abramowitch, and Ghazaleh Rostaminia

SECTION 9: LAPAROSCOPY AND ROBOTICS

Section Editor: Christian Phillips

95 Introduction: The role of laparoscopic surgery in Urogynecology

Christian Phillips

96 Abdominal and pelvic anatomy through the laparoscope

Fiona Reid

97 Training and accreditation in laparoscopic and robotic pelvic floor surgery

Shannon L Wallace, Karl Jallad, Alfred Cutner, and Marie Fidela R Paraiso

98 Laparoscopic colposuspension

Matthew Izett-Kay and Arvind Vashisht

99 Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy

Mugdha Kulkarni, Anna Rosamilia, and Marcus Carey

100 Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy

Matthew Izett-Kay and Natalia Price

101 Prevention, recognition, and treatment of complications in laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery

Ellen Yeung and Christopher Maher

102 The role of robotic surgery

Daniel Galvin, Orfhlaith E. O’Sullivan, and Barry A. O’Reilly

103 Cost-effectiveness in laparoscopic and robotic surgery in Urogynecology

Karen Ward

104 New techniques in laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery

Stephen T. Jeffery and Khumbo T. Jere

SECTION 10: COMPLEX PROBLEMS

Section Editor: Victor Nitti

105 Diagnosis of urogenital fistula

Caroline A. Brandon, Ekene A. Enemchukwu, and Benjamin M. Brucker

106 Transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula

Lori Jones and Nirit Rosenblum

107 Transabdominal vesicovaginal and vesicouterine fistula repair

Howard B. Goldman and Christopher F. Tenggardjaja

108 Management of obstetric urogenital fistula

Andrew Browning

109 Management of iatrogenic ureteral injury and ureterovaginal fistula

Elizabeth R. Mueller

110 Management of urethrovaginal fistula

Pansy Uberoi and Kathleen C Kobashi

111 Urethral diverticulum

Yu Zheng and Eric S. Rovner

112 Diagnosis and management of female urethral stricture disease

Dmitry Volkin and Victor W. Nitti

113 Bladder reconstruction and urinary diversion

Daniela Kaefer and Ja-Hong Kim

114 Gynaecological developmental abnormalities

Cara E Williams

115 Pediatric Urogynecology

Jennifer S. Singer, Angela M. Arlen, Tamara Grisales, and Andrew J. Kirsch

116 Female cosmetic genital surgery

Ö. Ferit Saraçoğlu

117 Gender-affirming surgery, care, and common complications

Christi Butler, Daniel Dugi, and Geolani W. Dy

APPENDIX: Standardised terminology for incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction

Editor: Rufus Cartwright

Index

Biography

Linda Cardozo, OBE, MD, FRCOG, is Professor of Urogynecology and Consultant Gynecologist at King’s College Hospital, London, UK. David R. Staskin, MD, is Director, Female Urology and Male Voiding Dysfunction, St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center and Associate Professor of Urology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.