The Civil Service in Europe A Research Companion

Preface 

Introduction (Karl-Peter Sommermann/Adam Krzywoń/Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle)

Part I: Concepts, Origins, and Challenges

1. Defining the Civil Service: Towards a Better Understanding of the Nature of Civil Service Systems in Europe (Adam Krzywoń)

2. Governing and Administering: The European Origins and Traditions of Civil Service (Stefan Fisch)

3. The Changing Tasks and Environment of Public Administration: Challenges for the Civil Service (Karl-Peter Sommermann)

Part II: The Transformation of National Civil Service Systems

4. The Civil Service in Austria: Tradition, Reforms, and the Impact of European Law (Barbara Cargnelli-Weichselbaum)

5. The Civil Service in Belgium: Between Fragmentation and Common Principles (Yseult Marique/Émmanuel Slautsky)

6. The Civil Service in Denmark: From a Public to a Private Law Employment Regime (Mette Søsted Hemme)

7. The Civil Service in France: The Evolution and Permanence of the Career System (David Capitant)

8. The Civil Service in Germany: A Service Based on Mutual Loyalty (Claus Dieter Classen)

9. The Civil Service in Hungary: Differentiation and Privatisation Trends (Petra Lea Láncos)

10. The Civil Service in Italy: A Flood of Legislative Reforms and a Few Safe Harbours (Elena Buoso)

11. The Civil Service in the Netherlands: The Normalisation of the Legal Status of Civil Servants (Aleksander De Becker)

12. The Civil Service in Poland: A Turbulent Path Towards Professionalism, Merit-based Recruitment, and Insulation From Politicisation (Dawid Sześciło)

13. The Civil Service in Spain: The Deficit of Organisation in Public Employment and the Principle of Democracy (Ricardo García Macho)

14. The Civil Service in Sweden: Duality and Non-specific Status of Civil Servants (Petra Herzfeld Olsson/Erik Sjödin)

15. The Civil Service in Switzerland: Between Flexibility and Tradition (François Bellanger)

16. The Civil Service UK Style: Facing Up to Change? (Peter Leyland)

17. The Civil Service in Ukraine: Transformation in Times of War (Nataliia Rozmaritsyna)

18. Development of the Civil Service in a Comparative Perspective (Matthias Niedobitek)

Part III: Supra- and International Systems of Civil Service

19. The Civil Service of the European Union (Siegfried Magiera)

20. The Civil Service in International Organisations: The Example of the Coordinated Organisations (Anne-Marie Thévenot-Werner)

Part IV: In Search of Common European Standards: Public Sector Employment Regimes

21. Civil Service in Transition: Privatisation or Alignment of Employment Conditions? (Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle)

22. The Particular Status of the Civil Service (Catherine Haguenau-Moizard)

23. Ensuring the Independence of the Civil Service: Civil Service, Rule of Law and Democratic Backsliding (Peter M. Huber)

24. The Recruitment of Civil Servants: Bridging Democratic Requirements and Efficiency (Pascale Gonod)

25. The Disciplinary Responsibility of Civil Servants: European Minimum Standards (Antonio Bueno Armijo)

26. The Basic Principles of Civil Servants’ Remuneration: A Legal and Human Resource Management Analysis from a European Perspective (Valentina Franca/Ana Arzenšek)

27. Civil Service Retirement Pension Regimes (Christoph Hauschild)

28. Administrative Law and Bureaucratic Autonomy in a Comparative European Perspective (Daniel Carelli/B. Guy Peters)

Part V: Gender Equality and Non-discrimination in the Civil Service

29. EU Non-Discrimination Law and its Potential Impact on the Civil Service of the Member States (Jule Mulder)

30. Gender Equality in the Civil Service (Sanja Korac)    

Part VI: The Civil Service in the Digital Age  

31. The Internet and Digital Technologies as Essential Tools for the Civil Service (Annette Guckelberger)

32. The Civil Service and Artificial Intelligence (Stephanie Schiedermair)

33. Public Administrations and Data Protection: An Unstoppable Europeanisation through Fundamental Rights (Maribel González Pascual)

34. Digital Competencies in the Civil Service (Margrit Seckelmann/Derya Catakli)

Part VII: The Role of Ethics in the Civil Service, Administrative Culture and the Fight against Corruption 

35. Ethical Standards for the Civil Service in Europe: Substitutes for or Complements of Legal Rules? (Anne Jacquemet-Gauché)

36. The Civil Service in Transition – The Ongoing Transformation of Administrative Culture (Adrian Ritz/Kristina S. Weißmüller)

37. Common European Anti-corruption Standards for Civil Servants (Albrecht Weber)

38. Europeanisation and the Impact of Deliberative and Participatory Democracy on the Civil Service (Birgit Peters)

Part VIII: Rights and Freedoms of Civil Servants 

39. Right of Access to the Public Service in the European Convention of Human Rights: A Missed Opportunity? (Daniel Toda Castán)

40. The Protection of Privacy in Civil Service Employment (Marta Otto)

41. Freedom of Religion or Belief in the Civil Service: How to Stay Loyal to the State While Remaining True to Oneself? (Wojciech Brzozowski)

42. Freedom of Expression of Civil Servants: Balancing Duties and Responsibilities with the Requirements of Open and Free Public Debate (Adam Krzywoń)

43. The Development of a Legal Framework on Whistle-blowing by Public Employees in the European Union (Paolo Provenzano)

44. The Right to Join Trade Unions and Political Parties (Constanze Janda)

45. The Right to Strike in the Civil Service (Gabriele Buchholtz)

46. The Right to a Fair Trial for Civil Servants and the Importance of the State’s Interest in Applying Article 6, Paragraph 1 ECHR (Flaminia Aperio Bella)

Part IX: The Transformation of the Civil Service Under the Influence of a New Conceptualisation of Public Administration

47. Do Public Management Concepts Have an Impact on Civil Service Regimes? (Jacques Ziller)

48. Leading Trends in the Development of the Civil Service in Europe (Jean-Bernard Auby)

49. Political Influence and the Transformation of Civil Service Systems (Jolanta Itrich-Drabarek/Stanisław Mazur/Katarzyna Baran)

50. Civil Service Adaptation and Reform in the Context of European Governance, (De-) Europeanisation, and National Competition (Christoph Demmke)

51. Transformational Impulses of International Law and Union Law for the Civil Service (Torben Ellerbrok)

Biography

Karl-Peter Sommermann is Professor of Public Law, Political Theory, and Comparative Law at the German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer, Germany, and Senior Fellow at the German Research Institute for Public Administration, Germany.

Adam Krzywoń is Professor of Constitutional Law at the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Warsaw, Poland, and Research Fellow at the German Research Institute for Public Administration, Germany.

Cristina Fraenkel-Haeberle is Professor of Public Law at the German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer, Germany, and Senior Researcher at the German Research Institute for Public Administration, Germany.