1st Edition

The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region Security, Equity and the Environment

Edited By Michael Kalis Copyright 2025
302 Pages 17 B/W Illustrations
by Routledge

302 Pages 17 B/W Illustrations
by Routledge

302 Pages 17 B/W Illustrations
by Routledge

The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region provides insight into the energy trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region. Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region has undergone significant transformation in the last number of years. Energy actors in the region are struggling to reconcile new questions of energy security following the COVID-19 pandemic and the invasion of Ukraine with net-zero... Read more

Chapter 1: Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region – Security, Equity, and the Environment – Introduction

Michael Kalis, Martina Kolanoski, Marie Becker, and Till Reinholz

 

Section 1: Approaching the Energy Trilemma

Chapter 2: Energy Trilemma – Concept and Context in the Baltic Sea Region

Michael Kalis

Chapter 3: Normative Guidance in the Energy Trilemma: The role of the law in “solving” the trilemma

Michael Kalis and Michael Rodi

 

Section 2: Energy Security

Chapter 4: Energy trilemma in times of crisis

The changing sociotechnical imaginaries of nuclear energy in Finland and Poland

Izabela Surwillo and Matti Kojo

Chapter 5: Energy innovation in the Baltic Sea region: trade-offs between sustainability, security, and sovereignty

Thomas Sattich, Stella Huang, Mateusz Stopa

Section 3: Energy equity and justice

Chapter 6: Market rationality and energy justice

Hugo Faber and Simon Birnbaum

Chapter 7: The Relationship Between Energy Equity and Green Colonialism: The Arctic Paradox?

Solveig Marie Wang, Paul Kirschstein, Mary Keogh

Chapter 8: United against LNG across the Atlantic:

Energy Humanities and Environmental Justice in the Baltic Energy Trilemma

Bethany Wiggin

Chapter 9: Exploring the Energy Trilemma in the narratives of Norway’s energy transition

Karina Standal, Merethe Dotterud Leiren and Nora Svarstad Ytreberg

 

Section 4: Environmental Sustainability

Chapter 10: Green, affordable, or secure energy? Energy trilemma in the Latvian strategic narrative after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022

Vineta Kleinberga

Chapter 11: Clean, Green, Sustainable? Hydrogen and the energy trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region

Michael Kalis

Beyond Sustainability –

Issues in Contemporary Estonian Environmentalism

Oliver Aas

 

Conclusion

Unravelling the Gordian knot? The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region in an age of transition – An Epilogue

Michael Kalis

 

Index

Biography

Michael Kalis is a senior researcher at the Energy Transition Cluster at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Baltic Sea Region Research, University of Greifswald. He is also head of the department of the Research Academy at the Institute for Climate Protection, Energy and Mobility (IKEM) and deputy scientific director.