1st Edition
The Environmental Impact of Cities Death by Democracy and Capitalism
The Environmental Impact of Cities assesses the environmental impact that comes from cities and their inhabitants, demonstrating that our current political and economic systems are not environmentally sustainable because they are designed for endless growth in a system which is finite.
It is already well documented that political, economic and social forces are capable of shaping cities and their expansion, retraction, gentrification, re-population, industrialisation or de-industrialisation. However, the links between these political and economic forces and the environmental impact they have on urban areas have yet to be numerically presented. As a result, it is not clear how our cities are affecting the environment, meaning it is currently impossible to relate their economic, political and social systems to their environmental performance. This book examines a broad selection of cities covering a wide range of political systems, geography, cultural backgrounds and population size. The environmental impact of the selected cities is calculated using both ecological footprint and carbon emissions, two of the most extensively available indices for measuring environmental impact. The results are then considered in terms of political, economic and social factors to ascertain the degree to which these factors are helping or hindering the reduction of the environmental impact of humans.
This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainability, urban planning, urban design, environmental sciences, geography and sociology.
Chapter 1: The Cities
Chapter 2: Calculating the Ecological Footprint
Chapter 3: Food
Chapter 4: Energy
Chapter 5: Transport
Chapter 6: Consumer goods
Chapter 7: The built environment
Chapter 8: Urban Policies
Part 2: Influences on living in cities
Chapter 9: Environmental death by democracy
Chapter 10: Capitalism
Chapter 11: Population—the elephant in the room
Chapter 12: The internet
Chapter 13: Icons in the cities
Chapter 14: Pandemic
Chapter 15: Living in cities
Biography
Fabricio Chicca is a senior lecturer in the School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Brenda Vale is a professorial research fellow in the School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Robert Vale is a retired professorial research fellow in the School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.