Introduction
1. A need thief
1.1 Designer and his Conscience
1.2 Precious needs
1.3 Taxonomy of needs
1.4 ‘Need’ in designers’ vocabulary
1.5 Summary
2. Helping to exist
2.1 Ethical practice
2.2 Fluid normal
2.3 Products in need
2.4 Respect for the prevailing
2.5 Summary of the needs-based ethics
3. Design ethical calculus
3.1 Shallow and resilient
3.2 Happiness multiplied a thousand times
3.3 Chain of probabilities
3.4 In a moral sandbox
3.5 Wrapping up utilitarian insights
4. Copyrighting needs
4.1 Towards a market of needs
4.2 MyNeeds.com
4.3 Rich in needs
4.4 Illusory individualism
4.5 Summary of needs trading elaborations
5. Fairness through design
5.1 Helping the taxman
5.2 Consume to compensate!
5.3 Ridiculing preference hierarchies
5.4 Summarising fairness through design
6. Tools of decontextualisation
6.1 Entering from the middle
6.2 Decolonial design criticism
6.3 Together with respect
6.4 Capabilities dialogue summarised
7. Designer’s duty
7.1 Autonomous reason
7.2 Universal law failing
7.3 And attempts to fix it
7.4 Right to contribute
7.5 Summary of needs and duty ethics
8. More than one narrative
8.1 Good before right
8.2 Designers’ narratives
8.3 Designers’ fixations
8.4 Externalised ethics
8.5 Summary of virtue ethics
9. User needs refinery
9.1 Possessing needs
9.2 Captured by users’ needs
9.3 Opportunities and dogmas
9.4 Yes or no?
Biography
Turkka Keinonen is Professor of design at Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Finland. He has worked for Finnish design consultancies, been a principal research scientist at the Nokia Research Center, and worked as Visiting Professor at the National University of Singapore. He has published more than 100 articles, conference papers, and patents on human-centred design, concept design, and design strategy. His recent research deals with the ethics of human-centred design.
