54th Edition

The Far East and Australasia 2023

Edited By Europa Publications Copyright 2022
    1308 Pages
    by Routledge

    This comprehensive survey of the countries of East and South-East Asia, Australia and New Zealand, along with 22 Pacific islands, fully revised to reflect current economic and political developments, is an essential resource for the Asia-Pacific region.

    Calendar of Political Events

    A calendar of events provides a convenient reference guide to the year’s main political developments.

    General Survey

    Written by leading experts, this collection of essays provides incisive analysis of regional issues.

    Country Surveys

    Individual chapters on each country containing:

    · essays on geography, history and the economy

    · an economic and demographic survey of the latest available statistics on population, health and welfare, agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, industry, finance, trade, transport, tourism, communications and education

    · a comprehensive directory of names and contact details covering the most significant political, financial and commercial institutions

    · a country-specific bibliography.

    An entire section is dedicated to the Pacific islands, including specially commissioned essays examining the contemporary politics of the islands, their economies, security concerns and the environmental issues confronting them.

    Regional Information

    · includes all major international organizations active in the region, their aims, activities, publications and principal personnel

    · a detailed survey of major commodities in Asia and the Pacific

    · a directory of research institutes specializing in the region

    · select bibliographies of books and periodicals covering the Asia-Pacific region

    · an index of regional organizations.

    PART ONE General Survey

    The USA’s Turn against China: Rivalry in the Asia-Pacific Region

    ROBERT SUTTER

    Authoritarianism and Democratic Backsliding in South-East Asia

    MARK R. THOMPSON

    Environmental Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region

    MARY ALICE HADDAD

    Competition, Uncertainty and Mistrust: Regional Security in East Asia

    NICK BISLEY

    Recent Economic Developments in the Asia-Pacific Region

    ROBERT E. LOONEY

     

    PART TWO Country Surveys

    Sections on geography, history and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country. A dedicated section on the Pacific islands, which includes an introductory essay and directory and statistical information for each of the Pacific islands and a locally focused bibliography.

    AUSTRALIA

    History FRANK BONGIORNO

    Economy DOUGLAS HUNT and SHYAMA RATNASIRI

    AUSTRALIAN TERRITORIES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

    Ashmore and Cartier Islands

    Christmas Island

    Cocos (Keeling) Islands

    Heard Island and the McDonald Islands

    BRUNEI

    History STEPHEN C. DRUCE

    Economy WEE CHIAN KOH

    CAMBODIA

    History TRUDE JACOBSEN GIDASZEWSKI

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

    History KERRY BROWN

    Economy ROBERT F. ASH

    CHINESE SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS

    HONG KONG

    History JAMES TANG (based on an earlier article by N. J. MINERS)

    Economy LOK SANG HO

    MACAO

    History

    Economy

    INDONESIA

    History JAMES R. RUSH

    Economy ANNE BOOTH

    JAPAN

    History DEAN ASZKIELOWICZ

    Economy SHIRO ARMSTRONG

    KOREA

    History up to the Korean War ANDREW C. NAHM (with revisions by JAMES E. HOARE)

    THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA

    History EDWARD HOWELL

    Economy ROBERT F. ASH

    THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

    History EDWARD HOWELL

    Economy RANDALL S. JONES

    THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

    History VOLKER GRABOWKSY

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    MALAYSIA

    History JAMES CHIN and ANTHONY MILNER

    Economy MICHAEL MEOW-CHUNG YAP

    MONGOLIA

    History LI NARANGOA

    Economy CHARLES KRUSEKOPF

    MYANMAR (BURMA)

    History ARDETH THAWNGHMUNG

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    NEW ZEALAND

    History JEANINE GRAHAM

    Economy KENNETH E. JACKSON

    THE PACIFIC ISLANDS

    Background to the Pacific Islands BRYANT J. ALLEN

    History of the Pacific Islands IAN CAMPBELL

    Contemporary Politics of the Pacific Islands STEWART FIRTH

    Security in the Pacific Islands STEWART FIRTH

    Economies of the Pacific Islands RONALD DUNCAN

    Environmental Issues of the Pacific Islands ROSS STEELE

    China and the Pacific: A New Focus on Security MATTHEW CLARKE

     

    AUSTRALIAN PACIFIC TERRITORIES

    Coral Sea Islands Territory

    Norfolk Island

    FIJI

    FRENCH PACIFIC OVERSEAS COLLECTIVITIES

    French Polynesia

    The Wallis and Futuna Islands

    OTHER FRENCH PACIFIC OVERSEAS TERRITORY

    New Caledonia

    KIRIBATI

    THE MARSHALL ISLANDS

    THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

    NAURU

    NEW ZEALAND PACIFIC TERRITORY

    Tokelau

    NEW ZEALAND PACIFIC ASSOCIATED STATES

    The Cook Islands

    Niue

    PALAU

    PAPUA NEW GUINEA

    SAMOA

    SOLOMON ISLANDS

    TONGA

    TUVALU

    UNITED KINGDOM PACIFIC TERRITORY

    The Pitcairn Islands

    US COMMONWEALTH TERRITORY IN THE PACIFIC

    The Northern Mariana Islands

    US EXTERNAL TERRITORIES IN THE PACIFIC

    American Samoa

    Guam

    OTHER US TERRITORIES IN THE PACIFIC

    Baker and Howland Islands

    Jarvis Island

    Johnston Atoll

    Kingman Reef

    Midway Island

    Palmyra

    Wake Island

    VANUATU

    THE PHILIPPINES

    History JOHN T. SIDEL

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    SINGAPORE

    History S. R. JOEY LONG

    Economy CHAN KOK HOE

    TAIWAN

    History DAFYDD FELL

    Economy ROBERT F. ASH

    THAILAND

    History NICHOLAS FARRELLY

    Economy BHANUPONG NIDHIPRABHA

    TIMOR-LESTE (EAST TIMOR)

    History MICHAEL LEACH

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    VIET NAM

    History JÖRN DOSCH

    Economy SUIWAH LEUNG

    PART THREE Regional Information

    REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

    MAJOR COMMODITIES OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

    CALENDARS AND TIME RECKONING

    RESEARCH INSTITUTES STUDYING THE FAR EAST AND AUSTRALASIA

    SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

    SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

    INDEX OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

    INDEX OF TERRITORIES

    LIST OF MAPS

    Biography

    Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field:

    Bryant J. Allen. Former Visiting Fellow, State Society and Governance in Melanesia Program, School of International, Political and Strategic Studies, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

    Shiro Armstrong. Associate Professor of Economics and Director of the Australia-Japan Research Centre, Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Robert F. Ash. Emeritus Professor, China Institute, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom.

    Dean Aszkielowicz. Senior Lecturer, College of Arts, Business, Law and Social Sciences, and Fellow of the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.

    Nick Bisley. Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences and Professor of International Relations, La Trobe University, Australia.

    Frank Bongiorno. Professor, School of History, Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

    Anne Booth. Emerita Professor of Economics, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom.

    Kerry Brown. Director of the Lau China Institute and Professor of Chinese Studies, King’s College London, United Kingdom.

    Ian Campbell. Former Professor, School of Social Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.

    Matthew Clarke. Alfred Deakin Professor and Pro Vice-Chancellor (Researcher Development), Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.

    Chan Kok Hoe. Lecturer, Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

    James Chin. Professor of Asian Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia.

    Jörn Dosch. Professor of International Relations and Development Co-operation, University of Rostock, Germany.

    Stephen C. Druce. Deputy Director of the Academy of Brunei Studies, Associate Researcher at the Institute of Asian Studies, Senior Assistant Professor in History, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam.

    Ronald Duncan AO. Emeritus Professor, Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

    Nicholas Farrelly. Professor and Head of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.

    Dafydd Fell. Reader in Comparative Politics, with special reference to Taiwan, Department of Politics and International Studies, Director, Centre of Taiwan Studies, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom.

    Stewart Firth. Research Fellow, Department of Pacific Affairs, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

    Volker Grabowsky. Professor of Thai Studies, Asia-Africa Institute, University of Hamburg, Germany.

    Jeanine Graham. Former Senior Lecturer in History, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.

    Mary-Alice Haddad. John E. Andrus Professor of Government and Professor of East Asian and Environmental Studies, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA.

    Edward Howell. Lecturer in Politics, New College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.

    Lok Sang Ho. Professor of Economics, Centre for Public Policy Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

    James E. Hoare. Associate Fellow, Asia-Pacific Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), London, United Kingdom.

    Douglas Hunt. Lecturer in Economics and Research Fellow, Business School, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.

    Kenneth E. Jackson. Former Director, Centre for Development Studies, University of Auckland, and Adjunct Research Professor, Auckland Institute of Studies, Auckland, New Zealand.

    Trude Jacobsen Gidaszewski. Professor in Asian History, Department of History, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA

    Randall S. Jones. Former Head of the Japan/Korea Desk, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France, Non-Resident Distinguished Fellow, Korea Economic Institute, Washington, DC, USA, Professional Fellow, Center on Japanese Economy and Business, Columbia University, New York, USA, and Adjunct Lecturer, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA.

    Wee Chian Koh. Head of Economics and Finance, Centre for Strategic and Policy Studies, Brunei Darussalam.

    Charles Krusekopf. Professor, School of Business, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada.

    Michael Leach. Professor of Politics and International Relations, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, and Co-founder of the Timor-Leste Studies Association.

    Suiwah Leung. Honorary Associate Professor of Economics, Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

    S. R. Joey Long. Associate Professor and Head, Department of History, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

    Robert E. Looney. International Consultant specializing in economic development, and Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA.

    Anthony Milner. Professorial Fellow, University of Melbourne, Australia, Visiting Professor, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and Emeritus Professor, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

    N. J. Miners. Former Reader in Political Science, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

    Andrew C. Nahm. Former Professor Emeritus of History and Consultant to the Office of International Education and Programs, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.

    Li Narangoa. Professor of Asian History, and Director of the Mongolia Institute, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.

    Bhanupong Nidhiprabha. Former Professor, Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand.

    Shyama Ratnasiri. Senior Lecturer in Economics, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.

    James R. Rush. Professor Emeritus of History, School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

    John T. Sidel. Sir Patrick Gillam Professor of International and Comparative Politics, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom.

    Ross Steele. Former Principal Demographer, Department of Planning Transport and Infrastructure, Government of South Australia, and Adjunct Academic Staff, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.

    Robert Sutter. Professor of Practice of International Affairs, The Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

    James Tang. Former Dean of the School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore.

    Ardeth Thawnghmung. Professor, Political Science Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.

    Mark R. Thompson. Director, Southeast Asia Research Centre, and Professor, Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

    Michael Meow-Chung Yap. Associate Professor, Business Economics and Quantitative Methods Division, Nottingham University Business School, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

    TOC

    PART ONE General Survey

    PART ONE General Survey

    The USA’s Turn against China: Rivalry in the Asia-Pacific Region

    ROBERT SUTTER

    Authoritarianism and Democratic Backsliding in South-East Asia

    MARK R. THOMPSON

    Environmental Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region

    MARY ALICE HADDAD

    Competition, Uncertainty and Mistrust: Regional Security in East Asia

    NICK BISLEY

    Recent Economic Developments in the Asia-Pacific Region

    ROBERT E. LOONEY

    PART TWO Country Surveys

    Sections on geography, history and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country. A dedicated section on the Pacific islands, which includes an introductory essay and directory and statistical information for each of the Pacific islands and a locally focused bibliography.

    AUSTRALIA

    History FRANK BONGIORNO

    Economy DOUGLAS HUNT and SHYAMA RATNASIRI

    AUSTRALIAN TERRITORIES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

    Ashmore and Cartier Islands

    Christmas Island

    Cocos (Keeling) Islands

    Heard Island and the McDonald Islands

    BRUNEI

    History STEPHEN C. DRUCE

    Economy WEE CHIAN KOH

    CAMBODIA

    History TRUDE JACOBSEN GIDASZEWSKI

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

    History KERRY BROWN

    Economy ROBERT F. ASH

    CHINESE SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS

    HONG KONG

    History JAMES TANG (based on an earlier article by N. J. MINERS)

    Economy LOK SANG HO

    MACAO

    History

    Economy

    INDONESIA

    History JAMES R. RUSH

    Economy ANNE BOOTH

    JAPAN

    History DEAN ASZKIELOWICZ

    Economy SHIRO ARMSTRONG

    KOREA

    History up to the Korean War ANDREW C. NAHM (with revisions by JAMES E. HOARE)

    THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA

    History EDWARD HOWELL

    Economy ROBERT F. ASH

    THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

    History EDWARD HOWELL

    Economy RANDALL S. JONES

    THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

    History VOLKER GRABOWKSY

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    MALAYSIA

    History JAMES CHIN and ANTHONY MILNER

    Economy MICHAEL MEOW-CHUNG YAP

    MONGOLIA

    History LI NARANGOA

    Economy CHARLES KRUSEKOPF

    MYANMAR (BURMA)

    History ARDETH THAWNGHMUNG

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    NEW ZEALAND

    History JEANINE GRAHAM

    Economy KENNETH E. JACKSON

    THE PACIFIC ISLANDS

    Background to the Pacific Islands BRYANT J. ALLEN

    History of the Pacific Islands IAN CAMPBELL

    Contemporary Politics of the Pacific Islands STEWART FIRTH

    Security in the Pacific Islands STEWART FIRTH

    Economies of the Pacific Islands RONALD DUNCAN

    Environmental Issues of the Pacific Islands ROSS STEELE

    China and the Pacific: A New Focus on Security MATTHEW CLARKE

     

    AUSTRALIAN PACIFIC TERRITORIES

    Coral Sea Islands Territory

    Norfolk Island

    FIJI

    FRENCH PACIFIC OVERSEAS COLLECTIVITIES

    French Polynesia

    The Wallis and Futuna Islands

    OTHER FRENCH PACIFIC OVERSEAS TERRITORY

    New Caledonia

    KIRIBATI

    THE MARSHALL ISLANDS

    THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

    NAURU

    NEW ZEALAND PACIFIC TERRITORY

    Tokelau

    NEW ZEALAND PACIFIC ASSOCIATED STATES

    The Cook Islands

    Niue

    PALAU

    PAPUA NEW GUINEA

    SAMOA

    SOLOMON ISLANDS

    TONGA

    TUVALU

    UNITED KINGDOM PACIFIC TERRITORY

    The Pitcairn Islands

    US COMMONWEALTH TERRITORY IN THE PACIFIC

    The Northern Mariana Islands

    US EXTERNAL TERRITORIES IN THE PACIFIC

    American Samoa

    Guam

    OTHER US TERRITORIES IN THE PACIFIC

    Baker and Howland Islands

    Jarvis Island

    Johnston Atoll

    Kingman Reef

    Midway Island

    Palmyra

    Wake Island

    VANUATU

    THE PHILIPPINES

    History JOHN T. SIDEL

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    SINGAPORE

    History S. R. JOEY LONG

    Economy CHAN KOK HOE

    TAIWAN

    History DAFYDD FELL

    Economy ROBERT F. ASH

    THAILAND

    History NICHOLAS FARRELLY

    Economy BHANUPONG NIDHIPRABHA

    TIMOR-LESTE (EAST TIMOR)

    History MICHAEL LEACH

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    VIET NAM

    History JÖRN DOSCH

    Economy SUIWAH LEUNG

    PART THREE Regional Information

    REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

    MAJOR COMMODITIES OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

    CALENDARS AND TIME RECKONING

    RESEARCH INSTITUTES STUDYING THE FAR EAST AND AUSTRALASIA

    SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

    SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

    INDEX OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

    INDEX OF TERRITORIES

    LIST OF MAPS