1st Edition

The Meaning of Israel Anti-Zionism and Philo-Zionism in the Postwar Left

By Åsmund Borgen Gjerde Copyright 2026
242 Pages
by Routledge

Why did social democrats in the 1940s and 1950s idealise Zionism and Israel? And why did ‘the New Left’ of the 1960s denounce Israel as an apartheid state and a ‘bridgehead of imperialism’? The Meaning of Israel: Anti-Zionism and Philo-Zionism in the Postwar Left , a case study of Norway, offers new and intriguing answers to both questions. Previous national case studies of left ideas about... Read more

Chapter 1. Introduction

- From Marx to Corbyn and Omar

- Politics of historical explanation

- Norway as a case study

- Civilisation and the Jewish Imperial Turn

- Outline of the book

 

Chapter 2. Anti-Zionism and the Pro-Zionist Turn, 1933—47

- The absence of pro-Zionism

- The first pro-Zionist

- A fragile and threatened civilisation

- Pro-Zionism and threatened civilisation

- Conclusion

 

Chapter 3. Learning to Accept Jews and Fear Arabs, 1946—49

- Barbarian Arabs

- Solving the ‘Jewish Problem’

- Victory and doubt

- Conclusion

 

Chapter 4. The Philo-Zionist Turn, 1949—1955

- An accident and its aftermath

- Martin Tranmæl in Israel

- Less socialism, more civilisation

- Better civilisation through Israel

- Overcoming Jewish difference

- Conclusion

 

Chapter 5. No Conspiracy: From Suez to the Eichmann Trial, 1956—61

- Suez

- The conspiracy theory

- Why idealization continued

- Eichmann

- Conclusion

 

Chapter 6. The Emergence of Scepticism: Orientering, Decolonization, and the Six-Day War, 1959—67

- Scepticism in Orientering

- Two generations in Orientering

- Scepticism in Arbeiderbladet

- The Six-Day War

- Conclusion

 

Chapter 7. The Emergence of Anti-Zionism in the New Left, 1965—68

- Before the Six-Day War

- Immediate responses to the Six-Day War

- Implicit anti-Zionism

- Explicit anti-Zionism

- The essence of Israel

- Conclusion

 

Chapter 8. New Left Anti-Zionism in Context: ‘1968’ and Civilisation

- Fanon in Bryn-Hellerud

- Georg Johannesen and the Porsgrunn Maoists

- The ‘populist’ revolt in SF

- The Vietnam movement

- Maoism

- Conclusion

 

Chapter 9. Beyond National Peculiarities

- European pro-Zionism and philo-Zionism

- American pro-Zionism and philo-Zionism

- European anti-Zionism

- American and North African anti-Zionism

Biography

Åsmund Borgen Gjerde is a postdoc at the University of Bergen. This is his second monograph, and he is currently working on the third, about radicalism and sexual identity in the aftermath of the Second World War, in Europe and the United States. He has published numerous journal articles and anthology chapters.