68th Edition

The Middle East and North Africa 2022

Edited By Europa Publications Copyright 2021
    1336 Pages
    by Routledge

    Now in its sixty-eighth edition, this title continues to provide the most up-to-date geopolitical and economic information for this important world area.

    Key Features:

    - covers the Middle East and North Africa from Algeria to Yemen

    - includes topical contributions from acknowledged experts on regional affairs

    - accurately and impartially records the latest political and economic developments

    - provides comprehensive data on all major organizations active in the countries of the region.

    General Survey

    - introductory essays cover a wide range of topics relating to the region as a whole.

    Country Surveys

    Individual chapters on each country incorporating:

    - essays on the physical and social geography, recent history and economy

    - an extensive statistical survey of economic and social indicators, which include area and population, health and welfare, agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, industry, finance, trade, transport, tourism, communications media and education

    - a full directory with names, addresses and contact details covering the constitution, government, legislature, political organizations, election commissions, diplomatic representation, judiciary, religious groups, the media, finance, trade and industry (including petroleum and natural gas), tourism, defence and education

    - a country-specific bibliography, providing suggestions for further research.

    Regional Information

    - includes all major international organizations active in the Middle East and North Africa; research institutes specializing in the region; and select bibliographies of books and periodicals.

    PART ONE General Survey

     

    Saudi Arabia and Iran: Islam, Security and Foreign Policy in the Middle East

    SIMON MABON

    China and the Greater Middle East: From the Silk Road, to the Belt and Road Initiative, to the COVID-19 Era

    MUHAMAD S. OLIMAT

    US Middle East Policy

    ROBERT E. LOONEY

    Political Islam in the Middle East and North Africa

    GEORGE JOFFÉ

    The Kurdish Question in the Middle East

    CENGIZ GUNES

    The Syrian Refugee Crisis: Regional Challenges

    BENEDETTA BERTI

    The Religions of the Middle East and North Africa

    R. B. SERJEANT

     

    PART TWO Country Surveys

    Sections on geography, history and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country

    ALGERIA

    History GIANNI DEL PANTA

    Economy MOUNDIR LASSASSI

    BAHRAIN

    History MARC JONES

    Economy

    CYPRUS

    History ANDREAS STERGIOU

    Economy

    ‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’

    History

    Economy

    EGYPT

    History Updated by ALICE VERTICELLI and DENIS J. SULLIVAN

    Economy SHIREEN ALAZZAWI

    IRAN

    History EDWARD WASTNIDGE

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    IRAQ

    History LIAM ANDERSON

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    ISRAEL

    History Revised by ASSAF SHAPIRA

    Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

    Occupied Territories

    East Jerusalem

    The Golan Heights

    JORDAN

    History COURTNEY FREER

    Economy Revised by PIERRE BOUTROS and ALI FAKIH

    KUWAIT

    History Revised by CLAIRE BEAUGRAND

    Economy

    LEBANON

    History NATÁLIA CALFAT

    Economy Revised by WAFAA ELBABA and ALI FAKIH

    LIBYA

    History Revised by RONALD BRUCE ST JOHN

    Economy AMIR MAGDY KAMEL

    MOROCCO

    History Revised by NEIL PARTRICK

    Economy Revised by NEIL PARTRICK

    OMAN

    History Revised by MARC VALERI

    Economy FRANCIS OWTRAM

    PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

    Recent History Updated by NIGEL PARSONS

    Economy

    QATAR

    History DAVID ROBERTS

    Economy

    SAUDI ARABIA

    History ABDULAZIZ ALGHASHIAN

    Economy Revised by NEIL PARTRICK (Based on an original essay by MOIN SIDDIQI)

    SPANISH NORTH AFRICA

    Ceuta

    Melilla

    SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

    History EYAL ZISSER

    Economy Revised by ALI FAKIH and MARIAM TARRAF

    TUNISIA

    History Revised by NEIL PARTRICK

    Economy Revised by NEIL PARTRICK

    TURKEY

    History Revised by GARETH JENKINS

    Economy Revised by GARETH JENKINS

    UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

    History KRISTIAN COATES ULRICHSEN

    Economy

    YEMEN

    History VINCENT DURAC

    Economy CHARLES SCHMITZ

     

    PART THREE Regional Information

    REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

    MAJOR COMMODITIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

    DOCUMENTS ON PALESTINE

    CALENDARS

    RESEARCH INSTITUTES

    SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

    SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY(PERIODICALS)

    Biography

    Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field:

     

    Shireen AlAzzawi. Lecturer, Economics Department, Leavey School of Business, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA; and Research Fellow, Economic Research Forum, Cairo, Egypt.

    Abdulaziz Alghashian. Lecturer in International Relations, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.

    Liam Anderson. Professor of Political Science, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.

    David Barchard. Independent scholar and former Financial Times correspondent in Turkey.

    Claire Beaugrand. Lecturer in Sociology of the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK.

    Benedetta Berti. Senior Adviser and Head of the Policy Planning Division of the Office of the Secretary-General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Brussels, Belgium.

    Dana Blander. Research Fellow, Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.

    Pierre Boutros. Research Assistant, Department of Economics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.

    Natália Calfat. Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Political Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

    Jad Chaaban. Associate Professor of Economics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

    Charles Charalambous. Independent communications consultant and journalist; formerly financial correspondent for the Cyprus Mail.

    Kristian Coates Ulrichsen. Fellow for the Middle East, Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA, and Associate Fellow, Middle East and North Africa Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), London, UK.

    Jill Crystal. Professor of Political Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.

    Gianni Del Panta. Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in Political Science, Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence, Italy.

    Vincent Durac. Associate Professor, School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, Ireland.

    Wafaa ElBaba. Research Assistant, Department of Economics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.

    Ali Fakih. Associate Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Economics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.

    Courtney Freer. Assistant Professorial Research Fellow, Middle East Centre, London School of Economics, UK.

    Richard German. Writer and researcher on international political and economic affairs.

    Cengiz Gunes. Associate Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

    Gareth Jenkins. Non-resident Senior Fellow with the Silk Road Studies Program, based in İstanbul, Turkey.

    George Joffé. Visiting Professor, King’s College London, UK; Lecturer on the Middle East and North Africa, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge, UK; and former Deputy Director of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), London, UK.

    Marc Jones. Assistant Professor in Middle East Studies and Digital Humanities, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.

    Amir Magdy Kamel. Lecturer, Defence Studies Department, and Fellow, Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, King’s College London, UK.

    Moundir Lassassi. Researcher and Division Manager, Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée pour le Développement (CREAD), Algiers, Algeria.

    Robert E. Looney. Distinguished Professor, Department of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA.

    Simon Mabon. Senior Lecturer, Department of Politics, Philosophy and Religion, and Director of The Sectarianism, Proxies and De-sectarianisation Project (SEPAD), Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

    Philip McCrum. Chief Economist, Middle East and North Africa, and Director, Economic Advisory, EY, Dubai, UAE.

    Fiona Mullen. Director, Sapienta Economics, Nicosia, Cyprus; and former economy adviser to the United Nations Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus.

    Muhamad S. Olimat. Professor of International Relations and Middle East Studies, Emirates Diplomatic Academy, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

    James Onley. Director of Historical Research, Qatar National Library, Doha, Qatar; and Editor of the Journal of Arabian Studies (Routledge).

    Francis Owtram. Honorary Research Fellow, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK; and Gulf History Specialist, The British Library, London, UK.

    Nigel Parsons. Senior Lecturer, Politics Programme, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

    Neil Partrick. Writer and analyst on the Arabian Peninsula and wider Middle East.

    David Roberts. Assistant Professor and Lecturer, School of Security Studies, King’s College London, UK; Adjunct Faculty, Paris School of International Affairs, Sciences Po, Paris, France; and former Director of the Qatar office of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies.

    Charles Schmitz. Professor and Chair, Department of Geography & Environmental Planning, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA.

    Assaf Shapira. Director, Political Reform Program, Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.

    Moin Siddiqi. Independent economist specializing in macroeconomic developments and the banking sector in the Middle East and Africa; also advises on trends in petroleum markets.

    Katrin Sold. Research Fellow, Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Marburg, Germany; and Associate Fellow, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (German Council on Foreign Relations), Berlin, Germany.

    Andreas Stergiou. Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.

    Ronald Bruce St John. Independent scholar specializing in the political economy of developing states.

    Denis J. Sullivan. Professor of Political Science and Director, Middle East Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; and Director of the Boston Consortium for Arab Region Studies.

    Mariam Tarraf. Research Assistant, Department of Economics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.

    Elizabeth Taylor. Writer and researcher on international political and economic affairs.

    Mehmet Uğur. Professor of Economics and Institutions, Department of International Business and Economics, University of Greenwich, London, UK.

    Marc Valeri. Associate Professor in Political Economy of the Middle East and Director of the Centre for Gulf Studies, University of Exeter, UK.

    Alice Verticelli. Researcher in Middle East Politics and Doctoral Candidate, Department of Political Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.

    Edward Wastnidge. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Studies, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

    Eyal Zisser. Vice Rector, and Yona and Dina Ettinger Chair in Contemporary History of the Middle East, Tel Aviv University, Israel.