71st Edition

The Middle East and North Africa 2025

Edited By Europa Publications Copyright 2025
1300 Pages
by Routledge

Now in its seventy-first edition, this title continues to provide the most up-to-date geopolitical and economic information for this important world area. Key Features: - covers the Middle East and North Africa from Algeria to Yemen - includes topical contributions from acknowledged experts on regional affairs - accurately and impartially records the latest political and economic... Read more

PART ONE

General Survey

Saudi Arabia and Iran: Islam, Security and Foreign Policy in the Middle East

 

SIMON MABON

 

 

 

China’s Growing Presence in the Middle East: From Economic Partnerships to Diplomatic Engagement?

 

JULIA GUROL

 

 

US Middle East Policy

 

ROBERT E. LOONEY

 

 

Political Islam

 

BARBARA ZOLLNER

 

 

The Kurdish Question in the Middle East

 

CENGIZ GUNES (revised for this edition by Liam Anderson)

 

 

 

 

The Religions of the Middle East and North Africa

 

R. B. SERJEANT

 

Instituting a Sustainable Energy Transition in the Gulf: A Review of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar

 

JUSTIN DARGIN

 

 

 

 

 

 

PART TWO Country Surveys

 

 

Sections on geography, history and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country

 

 

ALGERIA

 

History GIANNI DEL PANTA

 

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

 

 

BAHRAIN

 

History MARC JONES (revised by KRISTIAN COATES ULRICHSEN)

 

Economy MARTIN HVIDT

 

 

CYPRUS

 

History ANDREAS STERGIOU

 

Economy Revised by ANDREAS STERGIOU

 

 

‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’

 

History

 

Economy

 

 

EGYPT

 

History VAUGHN SHANNON

 

Economy CHAHIR ZAKI

 

 

IRAN

 

History EDWARD WASTNIDGE

 

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

 

 

IRAQ

 

History LIAM ANDERSON

 

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

 

 

ISRAEL

 

History VAUGHN SHANNON

 

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

 

Occupied Territories

 

East Jerusalem

 

The Golan Heights

 

 

JORDAN

 

History COURTNEY FREER

 

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY (Based on an original essay by ONN WINCKLER)

 

 

KUWAIT

 

History Revised by CLAIRE BEAUGRAND

 

Economy MÁTÉ SZALAI

 

 

LEBANON

 

History NATÁLIA CALFAT (revised by editorial staff)

 

Economy ALI NOUREDDEEN

 

 

LIBYA

 

History RONALD BRUCE ST JOHN (Based on an original essay by RICHARD I. LAWLESS)

 

Economy AMIR MAGDY KAMEL

 

 

MOROCCO

 

History NEIL PARTRICK (Based on an original essay by RICHARD I. LAWLESS)

 

Economy NEIL PARTRICK (Based on an original essay by ALAN J. DAY)

 

 

OMAN

 

History Revised by MARC VALERI

 

Economy FRANCIS OWTRAM

 

 

PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

 

Recent History Updated by NIGEL PARSONS (Revised for this edition by VAUGHN SHANNON)

 

Economy HABIB HINN, RAJA KHALIDI and ISLAM RABEE

 

 

QATAR

 

History DAVID ROBERTS

 

Economy FRANCIS OWTRAM

 

 

SAUDI ARABIA

 

History BRANDON FRIEDMAN

 

Economy NEIL PARTRICK (Based on an original essay by MOIN SIDDIQI)

 

 

SPANISH NORTH AFRICA

 

Ceuta

 

Melilla

 

 

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

 

History EYAL ZISSER

 

Economy OMAR S. DAHI and MOHAMMAD AL-ASADI

 

 

TUNISIA

 

History NEIL PARTRICK (Based on an original essay by RICHARD I. LAWLESS)

 

Economy NEIL PARTRICK (Based on an original essay by the editorial staff)

 

 

TÜRKIYE

 

History GARETH JENKINS

 

Economy GARETH JENKINS

 

 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

 

History KRISTIAN COATES ULRICHSEN

 

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

 

 

YEMEN

 

History VINCENT DURAC

 

Economy CHARLES SCHMITZ

 

 

 

 

PART THREE Regional Information

 

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

 

MAJOR COMMODITIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

 

DOCUMENTS ON PALESTINE

 

CALENDARS

 

RESEARCH INSTITUTES

 

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

 

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY(PERIODICALS)

Biography

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field:

Mohammad Al-Asadi. Economist specializing in international development studies, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.

Liam Anderson. Professor of Political Science, School of Social Sciences and International Studies, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.

Claire Beaugrand. Lecturer in Sociology of the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK; and CNRS Researcher at the Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales (IRISSO), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, France.

Natália Calfat. Researcher at the Laboratory of Asian Studies (Working Group on the Middle East and Muslim World), University of São Paulo (USP). .

Kristian Coates Ulrichsen. Fellow for the Middle East, Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

Omar S. Dahi. Professor of Economics, Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Founding Director of `Security in Context’ research network.

Justin Dargin. Middle East Energy and Climate Scholar, Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace, Washington, DC, USA; and former legal advisor to OPEC.

Alan J. Day. Former Editor of The Annual Register, London, UK; and former Joint Editor of the Political Handbook of the World, Binghamton University, New York, USA.

Gianni Del Panta. Junior Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Pavia, Italy.

Vincent Durac. Associate Professor, School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, Ireland.

Courtney Freer. Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Studies, , Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Brandon Friedman. Director of Research, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Cengiz Gunes. Associate Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

Julia Gurol. Postdoctoral Researcher, Chair for International Relations, University of Freiburg and Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institute, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.

Habib Hinn. Lecturer in Economics, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories; and Assistant Researcher, Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), Ramallah, Palestinian Territories.

Martin Hvidt. Associate Professor and Head of Studies, Center for Modern Middle East and Muslim Studies, Department of Culture and Language, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.  

Gareth Jenkins. Non-resident Senior Fellow with the Silk Road Studies Program, based in İstanbul, Türkiye.

Marc Jones. Associate Professor in Middle East Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.

Amir Magdy Kamel. Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor), School of Security Studies, and Fellow, Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, King’s College London, UK; and Visiting Scholar, Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies, Stanford Global Studies Division, Stanford University, CA, USA.

Numan Kanafani. Research Director, Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), Ramallah, Palestinian Territories; and Professor, Department of Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Raja Khalidi. Director-General, Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), Ramallah, Palestinian Territories.

Richard I. Lawless. Late Emeritus Reader in Middle Eastern Studies, Durham University, UK.

Robert E. Looney. Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Department of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA.

Simon Mabon. Professor of International Politics, and Director of SEPAD, Lancaster University, UK.

Ali Noureddeen. Independent economic researcher and writer, specializing in the Middle East and North Africa region.

James A. O’Reilly. Emeritus Professor of Modern Middle East History, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Francis Owtram. Honorary Research Fellow, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK.

Neil Partrick. Writer and analyst on the Arabian Peninsula and wider Middle East.

Islam Rabee. Assistant Researcher at the Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), Ramallah, Palestinian Territories.

David Roberts. Reader in International Security and Middle East Studies, School of Security Studies, King’s College London, UK; Adjunct Faculty, Paris School of International Affairs, Sciences Po, Paris, France; Non-resident Fellow at the Arab Gulf States Institute, Washington, DC, USA; and former Director of the Qatar office of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies.

Charles Schmitz. Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Planning, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA.

R. B. Serjeant. Late Professor of Arabic and Director of the Middle East Centre, University of Cambridge, UK.

Vaughn Shannon. Professor of Political Science, School of Social Sciences and International Studies, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA. 

Moin Siddiqi. Independent economist specializing in macroeconomic developments and the banking sector in the Middle East and Africa; also advises on trends in petroleum markets.

Andreas Stergiou. Professor, Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.

Ronald Bruce St John. Independent scholar specializing in the political economy of developing states.

Máté Szalai. Associate Professor, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary..

Marc Valeri. Associate Professor in Political Economy of the Middle East, University of Exeter, UK.

Edward Wastnidge. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Studies, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

Chahir Zaki. Chaired Professor of Economics and Research Fellow at the Laboratoire d’Economie d’Orléans, University of Orléans, Orléans, France; Director of Egypt’s pole of EMANES (EU-Mediterranean and African Network for Economic Studies); and Lead Economist at the Economic Research Forum, Cairo, Egypt.

Barbara Zollner. Independent scholar, specializing in Middle East politics.