The Obscure Sacroiliac Joint Insights into anatomy, biomechanics, etiology and the treatment of mechanical dysfunction

CHAPTER 1: MORPHOLOGY OF THE SACROILIAC JOINT

Niels Hammer & Amélie Poilliot

1.1 EMBRYOLOGY

1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF THE SACROILIAC JOINT

1.3 ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF THE HUMAN PELVIS

1.4 CARTILAGE ANATOMY

1.5 OSSEOUS ANATOMY

1.6 LIGAMENTOUS ANATOMY

1.7 VASCULAR ANATOMY

1.8 INNERVATION

1.9 MYOFASCIAL CONNECTIONS

1.10 JOINT HISTOLOGY

1.10.1 Bones of the sacroiliac joint

1.10.2 Auricular surface cartilage

1.10.3 Ligaments

1.10.4 Adipose tissue

1.10.5 Innervation of the sacroiliac joint complex

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2: BIOMECHANICS OF THE SACROILIAC JOINT

Niels Hammer & Amélie Poilliot

2.1 NORMAL SACROILIAC KINEMATICS – ROTATION, TRANSLATION, NUTATION AND INTEGRATION IN TWO-LEG STANCE

2.2 ALTERED LOADING PATTERNS IN SINGLE LEG STANCE AND WHEN WALKING

2.3 IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOMECHANICS: PREMATURE DEGENERATION OR FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATION?

2.4 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SACROILIAC JOINT PAIN

2.4.1 The subchondral bone lamella in sacroiliac joint dysfunction

2.4.2 Ligament alterations in sacroiliac joint dysfunction

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3: DIAGNOSIS OF SACROILIAC JOINT DYSFUNCTION

Amélie Poilliot & Britt Stuge

3.1 IMAGING IN SACROILIAC JOINT PAIN DIAGNOSIS

3.2 PALPATION AND PAIN PROVOCATION TESTING

Niels Hammer & Amélie Poilliot

3.3 FLUOROSCOPICALLY GUIDED SACROILIAC JOINT INJECTIONS

3.4 SYMPTOMS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SACROILIAC JOINT DYSFUNCTION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4: TREATMENT OF SACROILIAC JOINT DYSFUNCTION

4.1 MANUAL REHABILITATION THERAPY

4.1.1 Osteopathic manipulative treatment

4.1.2 Physiotherapy

Britt Stuge

4.1.3 Pelvic orthotics

4.2 OTHER NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS

4.2.1 Prolotherapy

Jennifer Saunders

4.2.2 Cryoanalgesia

4.2.3 Radiofrequency ablation

Amélie Poilliot

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5: SACROILIAC JOINT SURGERY

5.1 ANTERIOR APPROACH

Daisuke Kurosawa

5.1.1 Equipment and preoperative planning Daisuke Kurosawa

5.1.2 Surgical procedure Daisuke Kurosawa

5.1.3 Associated risks Daisuke Kurosawa

5.2 POSTERIOR APPROACH: ARTHRODESIS WITH PSIS PENETRATING TECHNIQUE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF POSTERIOR LIGAMENTS Daisuke Kurosawa

5.2.1 Equipment and preoperative planning Daisuke Kurosawa

5.2.2 Surgical procedure Daisuke Kurosawa

5.2.3 Associated risks Daisuke Kurosawa

5.3 POSTERIOR APPROACH: DISTRACTION INTERFERENCE TECHNIQUE Julius Dengler

5.3.1 Equipment and preoperative planning Julius Dengler

5.3.2 Surgical procedure Julius Dengler

5.3.3 Associated risks Julius Dengler

5.4 LATERAL APPROACH Julius Dengler

5.4.1 Equipment and preoperative planning Julius Dengler

5.4.2 Surgical procedure Julius Dengler

5.4.3 Associated risks Julius Dengler

5.5 PITFALLS OF SACROILIAC JOINT ARTHRODESIS IN PATIENTS WITH SACRAL by Daisuke Kurosawa

Biography

Niels Hammer, MD, Dr. habil. Gottfried Schatz Research Center Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria and Department of Orthopedic, Trauma, and Plastic Surgery University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany and Division of Biomechatronics Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Dresden, Germany

Julius Dengler, MD, Dr. habil. Department of Neurosurgery Helios Clinic and Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Campus Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany

Daisuke Kurosawa, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Japan Sacroiliac Joint and Low Back Pain Center. JCHO Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan

Amélie Poilliot, PhD, Anatomical Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Associate Professor Jennifer Saunders, MB BS, FACSEP Sydney School of Medicine University of Notre Dame Sydney, Australia

Jennifer Saunders, MBBS, PhD, FACSEP, Sydney School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Sydney, Australia

Britt Stuge, PT, PhD, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway