The Police Identity Crisis Hero, Warrior, Guardian, Algorithm

Preface

Introduction: A Multifaceted Theory of the Police

Chapter 1: Heroes

Death and Duty
A Police Case Study
A Brief History of Philosophy and Psychology
Old and New Heroism
Conclusion: Epistemic Entitlement

War and Police
Consequential Policing
Police Militarization
The Warrior Ideal
Objections and Positional Requirements
Conclusion: Fear and Force

Whom and What to Guard?
Plato’s Guardians
The Guardian Category Mistake
Police Archetypes and Individuation
Conclusion: Democratic Policing and its Limits

The Conflation of Fact and Value
Policing by Prediction
Prediction Problems
Justice through Human Rights
Legitimacy and Security of Person through Public Reason
Conclusion: Public Reason through (Procedurally Just) Community Policing

Defunding the Police, Abolishing the Police, and Other Political Reforms
Recruitment, Training, and Values
Seeking Justice Collectively

Biography

Luke William Hunt is a member of the faculty at the University of Alabama, where his work lies at the intersection of philosophy of law, political philosophy, and criminal justice. He is the author of The Retrieval of Liberalism in Policing (Oxford, 2019). Prior to entering academia, he worked as an FBI Special Agent.

"As the role of the police has become a hotly debated issue facing American society, this book identifies the various lenses through which contemporary law enforcement may be understood, each with its own implications for policy and practice. The author offers a well conceptualized framework that draws upon the nexus of law, philosophy, criminal justice, and field experience, blending real-world examples with philosophical context in a most engaging read. Relevant to scholars, practitioners, policy makers, and the public, this book will shape many future conversations about the law enforcement role."

Stephen S. Owen, Interim Chair, Department of Political Science, and Professor of Criminal Justice, Radford University

"From the psychology of archetypes, to an examination of warrior masculinity, the tenets of political liberalism, and the "blue wall of silence," Luke Hunt provides a perspective on policing that only someone with his unique set of experiences can provide. This book is personal, political, and deeply insightful all at once."

Barry Lam, Slate's Hi-Phi Nation podcast and Associate Professor and Chair, Vassar College, Department of Philosophy

"It is hard to imagine a timelier book than this engaging and illuminating meditation on the current 'identity crisis' of the police. Luke William Hunt provides a clear overview of a range of police self-understandings (hero, warrior, guardian), each of which is contextualized within a richly-described philosophical and psychological history, before developing his own conception of a police role rooted in the tradition of liberal democracy. A vital and rewarding read."

Brian R. Clack, Professor of Philosophy & A. Vassiliadis Director of the Humanities Center, University of San Diego

 "Though a philosophical literature on policing dominated by law enforcement voices would lack critical distance from the subject, a literature devoid of such voices would have its own limitations. It would rely on a narrower range of perspectives and miss out on potential insights that come from having diverse points of view. The discipline benefits from having in Hunt an astute observer of both the dangers and promises of policing, informed by firsthand experience wrestling with that tension.

In The Police Identity Crisis, Hunt considers and ultimately rejects four candidates for how police should understand themselves—as heroes, as warriors, as guardians, and as officials guided by algorithms. These identities are problematic in different ways, but they all are part of a larger problem of police seeing themselves as distinct from their communities and in conflict with them. As Hunt puts it near the close of his book, the fundamental question for policing comes down to this: "Are the police at war with the community, or are they collectively seeking justice as members of the community?"

Ben Jones, The Pennsylvania State University, in Ethics 133:4