The Routledge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and International Relations

Introduction: The Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Our World

Diego Brasioli, Laura Guercio, Giovanna Gnerre Landini, and Andrea de Giorgio

PART I: Foundations and Perspectives

1      From Entropy to International Relations: How Research into Artificial Intelligence Is Improving the World

Andrea de Giorgio

2      The Geopolitical Impact of Artificial Intelligence: The UN SDGs and China’s Strategies in Africa

Settimio Stallone

3      Complex Reflections on Artificial Intelligence

Marco Emanuele

4      Artificial Intelligence and Supranational Law: Between Anthropocentrism and Technological Development

Giovanni Zarra, Roberto Ruoppo

PART II: Philosophy, Policy, and Governance

5      Artificial Intelligence, Governance, and Race

Farai Chipato and David Chandler

6      International Relations in the “Age of Technologization”

Diego Brasioli

7      Harmony in the Helix: Navigating the “AI Race” through Collaborative Geopolitics

Enzo Maria Le Fevre Cervini

8      Exploring the Recent Advancements and Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence

Nicolas Griedlich, Liubomyr Bregman, and Anke Joubert

9      Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Conflict Resolution

Ugo Tramballi

PART III: Military, Security, and Defense

10   Chemical and Biological Weapons in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence

David J. Heslop and Joel R. Keep

11   Extended Meaningful Human Control of AI-Powered Warfare

Guglielmo Tamburrini

12   Use of Artificial Intelligence in Armed Conflicts: What Is 'Lawful'?

Stefano Dominelli and Pietro Sanna

13   Artificial Intelligence in Humanitarian Action: Humanity and the Machine

Massimo Marelli

14   The New Strategic Triad: Geopolitics, Diplomacy, and Artificial Intelligence – The Uncertain Trumpet Redux

Alessandro Politi

PART IV: Security of Data in Cyberspace

15   Preserving Confidentiality and Privacy in Data-Driven Applications

Luigi Ruggerone and Valeria Ricci

Appendix A: “Multi-Party Computation" Design Details

Appendix B: “Federated Learning" Project Details

16   The Role of the Public Sector in Developing Supercomputing and Innovation Ecosystems: The Case of Bologna Technopole within the Italian and European Framework

Francesco Ubertini and Alessandra Poggiani

17   Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity: Navigating a Double-Edged Relationship

Pascal Steichen

18   Artificial Intelligence and Earth Observation-Based Capability to Get Fast Access to Large-Scale Transboundary Information

Marco Chini

PART V: Economic, Social, and Cultural Dimensions

19   Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for a More Equitable World

Joe Cerrell

20   Artificial Intelligence and Future Perspectives of the International Humanitarian Law in Conflict Settings: A Focus on Children in Armed Conflict

Laura Guercio

21   A 21st-Century Odyssey: Using Artificial Intelligence to Navigate the Seas of International Development Cooperation Toward the Promotion of the Rule of Law

Giulio Venneri

22   The ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence Model: Challenges and Solutions

Maria Amata Garito and Marco Breda

23   Traditional Knowledge, Environmental Challenges, and Artificial Intelligence: Ethical Generative AI Use and Sustainable Approaches

Giovanna Gnerre Landini

24   Artificial Intelligence's Influence on the Economy: Balancing Potential and Real-World Challenges

Angelo Federico Arcelli and Pietro Bossi

PART VI: Ethics, Oversight, and Accountability

25   The AI Act: A Geopolitical Tool to Foster Human Rights and Ethics

Alessandro Mantelero

26   Human Agency and Oversight – A Responsible and Trustworthy Use of Artificial Intelligence: The AI Act Approach

Lucilla Sioli and Miriam D’Arrigo

27   The Role of Ethics in the Future Regulation of Artificial Intelligence

Laura Palazzani

28   Ethical Dilemmas and Regulatory Landscape in Healthcare Artificial Intelligence

Yasaman Yousefi, Daniel Karpati, and Christoph Schommer

29   Artificial Intelligence Ethics: Challenges for a Computer Science Ethics Board with a Focus on Autonomy

Gabriele Lenzini

ANNEX I: A Comparative Overview of Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Systems

ANNEX II: Young Leaders’ Vision on the Future of Artificial Intelligence

Biography

Diego Brasioli is a career diplomat, dealing with cybersecurity, AI and innovation at the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

Laura Guercio is a professor at the University Niccolò Cusano of Rome. She teaches International Relations and Intelligence Systems.

Giovanna Gnerre Landini is an expert in international human rights law and international humanitarian law, cooperating with several universities, institutions, and organizations in Italy and abroad.

Andrea de Giorgio has a PhD in AI applied to production engineering and is the founder and CEO of Artificial Engineering, an innovative European startup in the field of AI.