The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization

1. Introduction

Aurel Croissant and Luca Tomini

Part 1: Concepts, Approaches and Measurements

2. Rethinking Democratic Subversion

Andreas Schedler

3. Conceptualizing autocratization

Luca Tomini

4. Measuring autocratization

Lars Lott and Aurel Croissant

5. Identifying episodes of autocratization

Vanessa Boese-Schlosser, Amanda B. Edgell, Sebastian Hellmeier, Seraphine F. Maerz, Yuko Sato, Matthew C. Wilson, and Staffan I. Lindberg

Part 2: Structures and Institutions

6. Economic development and autocratization

Carl Henrik Knutsen and Sven-Erik Skaaning

7. Inequality and autocratization· 

Christian Houle

8. Social classes and autocratization

Gábor Scheiring

9. Past legacies and autocratization

Leonardo Morlino

10. Polarization and autocratization

Jennifer McCoy and Murat Somer

11. Ideological modules of autocratization

Zsolt Enyedi

12. Elections and autocratization

Sebastian Hellmeier and Elena Leuschner

13. Autocratization and the three faces of judicial power

Aziz Z. Huq

14. Autocratization by legal means in weak presidential democracies

Gabriel L. Negretto

15. The Internet and autocratization

Seraphine F. Maerz

16. Subnational dimensions of autocratization

Carlos Gervasoni

17. The international order and autocratization

Marianne Kneuer and Thomas Demmelhuber

Part 3: Actors

18. International actors and autocratization

Christian von Soest

19. Parties, government leaders, and autocratization

Claudio Balderacchi

20. Populism and autocratization  

Keith Prushankin and Crístobal Rovira Kaltwasser

21. Religious actors and autocratization

Julia Leininger

22. Civil society and autocratization

Janjira Sombatpoonsiri

23. Economic actors and autocratization

Alexander Libman

24. The Military and autocratization

Aurel Croissant and David Kuehn

Part 4: Consequences and Impact

25. Autocratization and development

Masaaki Higashijima

26. Administrative backsliding

Michael W. Bauer

27. Autocratization and health outcomes

James W. McGuire

28. Autocratization and gender politics

Conny Roggeband and Andrea Krizsán

29. Autocratization and environmental performance

Jale Tosun and Simon Schaub

30. Autocratization and ethnic relations

Guido Panzano

31. Autocratization and political conflict

Christoph Trinn, Felix Schulte and Seraphine F. Maerz

Part 5: Regional Perspectives

32. Western Europe

Assem Dandashly and Eliyahu V. Sapir

33. Central and Eastern Europe

Séan Hanley and Licia Cianetti

34. Western Balkans

Branimir Staletovik and Florian Bieber

35. Post-Soviet States

Martin Brusis

36. Latin America

John Polga-Hecimovich

37. Middle East and North Africa·      

Nadine Sika

38. Sub-Saharan Africa

Andrea Cassani, Giovanni Carbone, and Tiziana Corda

39. East and Southeast Asia 

Yuko Kasuya and Yi-Ting Wang

40. South Asia

Šumit Ganguly

Biography

Aurel Croissant is Professor at the Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University, Germany, and Visiting Professor at GSIS Ewha Womans University, South Korea.

Luca Tomini is FNRS Research Associate and Professor of Political Science at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium.

“This ambitious collection succeeds at marrying breadth and depth. In addition to offering countless insights on the structures, actors, history, geography, and consequences of autocratization, it sets a compelling agenda for future research. Anyone seeking to understand autocratization will benefit from reading this handbook.”

Nancy Bermeo, Oxford University, UK

“Authoritarianism, autocratization, backsliding: these concepts have defined a wide-ranging and fecund research agenda. This collection gathers thoughtful essays by a 'who’s who' in the study of autocratization. The volume is organized in a particularly useful way, considering questions of conceptualization, measurement, and the causes as well as effects of backsliding and authoritarian regress. An added benefit is a cluster of essays that review the phenomenon through a regional lens, capturing nuances we can miss taking a global approach. An important and well-timed collection that surveys the most pressing political problem of our time.”

Stephan Haggard, University of California San Diego, USA