1st Edition

The Routledge Handbook of Non-Ideal Theory

Edited By Hilkje Hänel, Johanna Müller Copyright 2025
    504 Pages 3 B/W Illustrations
    by Routledge

    Made popular by John Rawls, ideal theory in political philosophy is concerned with putting preferences and interests to one side to achieve an impartial consensus and to arrive at a just society for all. In recent years, ideal theory has drawn increasing criticism for its idealised picture of political philosophy and its inability to account for the challenges posed by inequalities of, for example, race, gender, and class and by structural injustices stemming from colonialism and imperialism. The Routledge Handbook of Non-Ideal Theory is the first handbook or reference source on this important and fast-growing debate.

    Comprised of 34 chapters by an international team of contributors, the Handbook is divided into three clear parts:

    • Methodological Challenges
    • Intersections
    • Applied Issues and Contemporary Challenges. 

    Within these sections key topics are addressed including: the question of whether non-ideal theory is methodologically linked to ideal theory; its intersection with feminist philosophy, critical race theory, decolonial theory, and critical theory; its characteristic features; the role of the non-ideal theorist; its relation to activism; and its application in the context of disability and health studies, climate justice, global injustices, colonialism and many more. As well as a comprehensive introduction which provides important background to the debate between ideal and non-ideal theory, the handbook also features a contribution by the late philosopher Charles Mills on non-ideal theory as ideology.

    The Routledge Handbook of Non-Ideal Theory is essential reading for students and scholars of political philosophy, ethics and political theory and will also be of interest to those studying and researching related subjects such as gender, race and social justice.

    Introduction Hilkje C. Hänel and Johanna M. Müller

    Revisiting “’Ideal Theory’ as Ideology” 15 Years Later Charles W. Mills

    Part 1: Methodological Challenges

    1. Ideal and Non-ideal Theory: Some Basic Distinctions Alexandru Volacu

    2. Ideal Theory: An Internal Critique Jeffrey Carroll

    3. Beyond Strict Compliance? Unpacking the Notion of Nonideal Theory as Partial Compliance Theory Naima Chahboun

    4. Realistic Prescription Michael Goodhart

    5. The Realism Trap: Are Feminists and Antiracists Really Nonideal Theorists? Serene J. Khader

    6. What is Non-Ideal Theory? The Theoretical is Political Hilkje C. Hänel

    7. Radical Rational Reconstruction Carol Hay

    8. No Justice without Disability Jessica Begon

    9. Discursive Resistance in a Non-Ideal World Nikki Ernst and Deborah Mühlebach

    10. Non-Ideal Social Ontology and Emancipatory (or Critical) Social Ontology Katharine Jenkins

    Part 2: Intersections

    11. Non-Ideal Theory and Political Realism Ilaria Cozzaglio and Great Favara

    12. Critical Theory and Non-Ideal Theory Titus Stahl

    13. Approaching Global Justice – Ideal and Nonideal Elements in Political Ontology and Political Agency Johanna M. Müller

    14. Non-ideal Theory and Global Justice Maeve McKeown

    15. Non-ideal Theory and Resistance Candice Delmas

    16. Migration and Non-Ideal Theory Alex Sager

    17. Ability: The Unexplained Explainer Matthew Koshak and Joel Michael Reynolds

    18. Ideal Theory, Literary Theory: Whither Transfeminism Matthew J. Cull

    19. Non-ideal Theory and Ignorance Nadja El Kassar

    20. Revisiting the Racial Contract: Race, Ignorance, and Non-Ideal Epistemology K. Bailey Thomas

    21. Critical Race Structuralism and Non-Ideal Theory Elena Ruíz and Nora Berenstain

    Part 3: Applied Issues and Contemporary Challenges

    22. Social Justice in Times of Crisis Kok-Chor Tan

    23. Social Identity at the Margins: A Decolonial Approach Youjin Kong

    24. Non-Ideal Theory and Racial Passing: Anything but Iranian Roksana Alavi

    25. Theorizing Non-Ideal Agency Caleb Ward

    26. Only Human (in the Age of Social Media) Barrett Emerick and Shannon Dea

    27. From Predicaments to Pathophobia: Non-ideal Approaches in Philosophy of Illness Ian James Kidd and Havi Carel

    28. “The Health System Wasn’t Built for Us”: Medicine and Non-Normative Bodies Lauren Freeman

    29. Epistemic Diversity, Ignorance, and Nonideal Philosophy of Science Quill Kukla

    30. Evidence in a Non-Ideal World: How Social Distortion Creates Skeptical Potholes Catharine Saint-Croix

    31. Intuitions and Deference in Non-Ideal Philosophy of Language Samia Hesni

    32. Non-Ideal Theory and Reparative Justice: The Logic of “Indigenous Rights” Rebecca Tsosie

    33. Non-Ideal Theory and Critical Prison Studies Madeleine Kenyon and Andrea J. Pitts

    34. Non-ideal Climate Justice Fabian Schuppert.

    Index

    Biography

    Hilkje C. Hänel is assistant professor in political theory at Potsdam University, Germany and PI of the International Research Network on The Relation of Theories of Epistemic Injustice and Recognition Theory, funded by the DFG.

    Johanna M. Müller is a research assistant at the Department of Philosophy at the Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany.