1st Edition
The Routledge Handbook of the Material Culture of the Crusader States, 1099–1571
Introduction
Section 1: Landscapes
Chapter 1
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
H. E. Crowley
Chapter 2
Crusader Ports and Harbors on the Coast of the Levant and the Crusader Kingdom of Cyprus
Dan Mirkin
Chapter 3
The Development of Cities and Urban Life in the Crusader States
Peter Edbury
Chapter 4
Performances in the Urban Space of the Latin East
Simon John and Wolf Zöller
Chapter 5
The Crusader States and Near Eastern Trade Routes
Michel Balard
Section 2: Vernacular Art and Architecture
Chapter 6
Frankish Domestic Architecture on the Levantine Mainland
Adrian J. Boas
Chapter 7
Eastern Non-Frankish Vernacular Architecture (Jewish, Christian, and Islamic)
Andrew Petersen
Section 3: Religious Art and Architecture
Chapter 8
Ecclesiastical Art and Sculpture and its Development in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
Gil Fishhof
Chapter 9
Ecclesiastical Architecture in the mainland Crusader States
Elizabeth Lapina and Nicholas Morton
Chapter 10
Ecclesiastical Architecture in Lusignan and Venetian Cyprus (1192-1571): Past, Present, and Future
Michalis Olympios
Chapter 11
Eastern Christian Art and Architecture in the Crusader States
Mat Immerzeel
Chapter 12
Jewish and Islamic Religious Art and Architecture
Marcus Milwright
Chapter 13
The Construction Process: Construction in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
Vardit R. Shotten-Hallel
Section 4: Fortifications
Chapter 14
The Castles and Urban Defences of the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa
Mathias Piana
Chapter 15
Castles and Urban Defences in the County of Tripoli
Kevin Lewis and Balázs Major
Chapter 16
Castles and Urban Defences in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Rabei G. Khamisy
Chapter 17
Castles and Urban Defences in Frankish Cyprus
Tomasz Borowski
Chapter 18
Informal Exchange of Objects: Gifts, Keepsakes, Relics, Plunder and Barter
Adrian J. Boas
Chapter 19
Ceramics
Edna J. Stern
Chapter 20
Glass for All – Crusader-Period Glass from the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem
Yael Gorin-Rosen
Chapter 21
Personal Adornment
Hannah Buckingham
Chapter 22
Metalwork
Joppe Gosker
Chapter 23
Icons in the Latin States
Lisa Mahoney
Chapter 24
Illuminated Manuscripts in the Latin States
Lisa Mahoney and Richard Leson
Chapter 25
Arms and Armour in the Frankish East
Joppe Gosker
Chapter 26
Coinage in the Crusader States and Cyprus
Richard Kelleher
Chapter 27
Crusader Seals
Laura J. Whatley
Chapter 28
Medieval Ships
Dan Mirkin
Chapter 29
Clothing in the Crusading Era
Mat Immerzeel and Orit Shamir
Section 6: The body and the senses
Chapter 30
Eating and Drinking
Judith Bronstein and Elisabeth Yehuda
Chapter 31
The Material Culture of Health, Disease and Medicine at the Time of the Crusades
Piers D. Mitchell
Chapter 32
Sounds and Scents of the Latin East
Elizabeth Lapina and Iris Shagrir
Section 7: Heritage and Memory
Chapter 33
The Franks’ Engagement with Ancient Ruins
Adrian J. Boas
Chapter 34
‘Vectors of Memory’: Modern Material Memories of the Crusader States
Mike Horswell, Andrew Jotischky, Thomas Simpson, and Astrid Swenson
Chapter 35
Preservation of the Frankish past in Placenames
Adrian J. Boas
Chapter 36
Reuse of Architecture and Architectural Fragments: Franks, Ayyubids, Mamluks
Cathleen A. Fleck
Chapter 37
Heraldry in the Frankish East: A Survey
Richard A. Leson
Concluding Essay
Adrian J. Boas
Biography
Adrian J. Boas is professor emeritus of Medieval Archaeology at the University of Haifa. He has excavated extensively, including a major project at Montfort Castle in northern Israel, and is the author and editor of numerous publications and several books on Crusader period archaeology and history. He is the former president of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East.
Elizabeth Lapina is Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin – Madison in the US. Her main interest is the perceptions and representations of the crusading movement in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. She has published a series of articles and edited volumes. Her most recent monograph, Depicting the Holy War: Crusader Imagery in Programs of Mural Paintings in France and England in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries (2025), focuses on sacralization of warfare as reflected in visual sources in Western Europe.
Nicholas Morton is an Associate Professor in History at Nottingham Trent University in the UK. He has written extensively on topics connected to the history of the Medieval Middle East and his recent books include: The Mongol Storm: Making and Breaking Empires in the Medieval Near East (2022) and The Crusader States & Their Neighbours: A Military History, 1099-1187 (2020). He also co-edits three Routledge book series: “Rulers of the Latin East”, “The Military Religious Orders: History, Sources and Memory”, and “Global Histories before Globalisation.”
