1st Edition
The Routledge Handbook on Radicalisation and Countering Radicalisation
This handbook provides a theoretical and methodological exploration of the research on radicalisation and counter-radicalisation, one of the most influential concepts in Security Studies, International Relations, and Peace and Conflict Studies.
Sitting at the heart of high-profile research and policy agendas on preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE), radicalisation as a concept has transformed the way researchers, policymakers, and societies think about how to counter terrorism and political violence. Deliberations about radicalisation and countering radicalisation have become further embedded as efforts to prevent and counter violent extremism have been ‘mainstreamed’ into other areas of public policy and practice, such as education, gender relations, health, peacebuilding, aid, and development. Theoretically and methodologically pluralistic, this handbook addresses radicalisation and countering radicalisation as they relate to a wide range of groups and milieus, articulating diverse ideological positions, drawing together insight and experience from multiple geographic and institutional settings, integrating global perspectives, and including scholarship focused on a range of policy fields.
This book will be an essential reference point for anybody working on radicalisation, countering radicalisation, or terrorism and political violence more broadly. The insight that it provides will be relevant for both academics and members of relevant policy and practitioner communities.
1 Introduction
Sarah Marsden, Leena Malkki, and Joel Busher
PART I
The history of research on radicalisation
21 Before ‘radicalisation’: explaining individual involvement in terrorism before the popularisation of the radicalisation concept
Leena Malkki
3 ‘Radicalisation’ and ‘countering radicalisation’: the emergence and expansion of a contentious concept
Rik Coolsaet
4 Analysing ‘radicalisation’ in historical cases
Tim Wilson
PART II
Analytical approaches to radicalisation
5 The role of ideology in radicalisation
Kumar Ramakrishna
6 Identity and extremism: sorting out the causal pathways to radicalization and violent self-sacrifice
Julia Ebner and Harvey Whitehouse
7 Social movement theory and research on radicalisation99
Stefan Malthaner
8 Criminological perspectives on extremist radicalisation and terrorist acts
Gary LaFree and Yesenia Yanez
9 Insights from the study of new religious movements into the process of radicalisation
Lorne L. Dawson
10 The pen and the sword: cognition, emotion, communication, and violent radicalisation
Kurt Braddock
11 Gender perspectives on radicalisation
Elizabeth Pearson
12 Radicalisation and psychopathology
Emily Corner
13 Belonging is just a click away: extremism, radicalisation, and the role of online communities
Amarnath Amarasingam
14 Radicalisation of ‘lone actors’
Francis O’Connor, Lasse Lindekilde, and Stefan Malthaner
15 Radicalisation of ‘foreign fighters’
Jeanine de Roy van Zuijdewijn
PART III
Countering radicalisation: key debates
16 Countering violence or ideas? The politics of counter-radicalisation
Kodili Chukwuma and Lee Jarvis
17 Responding to radicalisation with different ideological roots: how similar is the ‘problem’? How similar are the ‘solutions’?
Daniel Koehler
18 Who should be involved with counter-radicalisation policy and practice?
Francesco Ragazzi and Josh Walmsley
19 Working with communities to counter radicalisation
Paul Thomas and Michele Grossman
20 The role of research and researchers in counter-radicalisation policy and practice
Alice Martini and Laura Fernández de Mosteyrín
21 How can we meaningfully evaluate the effects and effectiveness of programmes to prevent or counter radicalisation?
Tom Fisher and Joel Busher
22 Re-colonising the field of evaluation of prevention of violent radicalisation: a critical, cross-regional perspective
Pablo Madriaza, David Morin, and Vivek Venkatesh
PART IV
Countering radicalisation: strategies and challenges
23 Rethinking CVE and public health prevention: towards health promotion
Keiran Hardy
24 Multi-agency approaches to countering radicalisation
Robin Andersson Malmros and Jennie Sivenbring
25 Naturalisation through mainstreaming: counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation in UN and EU discourse
Rita Augestad Knudsen
26 Countering radicalisation while expanding the criminal law
Tufyal Choudhury
27 Responding to radicalisation through education415
Stijn Sieckelinck and William Stephens
28 Counter narratives and strategic communications, offline and online
Benjamin Lee
29 Deradicalisation and disengagement: lessons from the Indonesian experience
Julie Chernov Hwang
30 Interventions with ‘at risk’ individuals
Raquel da Silva
31 How can general violence risk assessment and management inform that of violent extremist risk?
Paul Gill, Zoe Marchment, Amber Seaward, Philip Doherty, and Kirsty Goodman
32 Content moderation: social media and countering online radicalisation
Bharath Ganesh
33 Radicalisation, counter-radicalisation, and governance in fragile states
Oscar Gakuo Mwangi
34a Local contours and global discourses in countering violent radicalization and extremism: a perspective from the global south
Fathima Azmiya Badurdeen
Biography
Joel Busher is Professor of Political Sociology at the Institute for Peace and Security, Coventry University. He is co-editor of Researching the Far Right: Theory, Method and Practice (Routledge, 2021) and author of The Making of Anti-Muslim Protest (Routledge, 2016), which was awarded the British Sociological Association’s Philip Abrams Memorial Prize.
Leena Malkki is Director of the Centre for European Studies at the University of Helsinki. She is the chair of the ECPR Standing Group on Political Violence and a member of the editorial board of Terrorism and Political Violence.
Sarah Marsden is Senior Lecturer in the School of International Relations at the University of St. Andrews. She is the author of Reintegrating Extremists: Deradicalisation and Disengagement.
"This is a super book, worthy of its important subject matter. The line-up of contributors is stellar, the range of perspectives is deeply impressive. It is destined to become the standard reference text on radicalisation."
Andrew Silke, Professor of Criminology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
"Brilliant! This handbook should be on every student, researcher, practitioner and policy maker’s shelf. A much needed comprehensive, diverse, multidisciplinary and, most importantly, critical approach to understanding and preventing violent radicalization."
Ghayda Hassan, Professor of Clinical Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada; Director of the Canadian Practitioners Network for the Prevention of Radicalization and Extremist Violence
"With definitive contributions from so many of the top scholars in radicalisation studies, this comprehensive handbook is an invaluable resource for academics, practitioners, and students alike and guaranteed to remain so for the foreseeable future."
Noémie Bouhana, Professor of Crime Science and Counter Extremism, University College London, UK
"A key strength of the The Routledge Handbook on Radicalisation and Countering Radicalisation is its multidisciplinary approach to analysing the concept of radicalisation and its various cognitive and behavioural expressions. Contributions raise critical issues relevant to the policy and practice of counter radicalisation and it will be of interest to both practitioners and scholars."
Adrian Cherney, Professor, School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Australia
"This book is a significant contribution to our understanding of radicalisation. It offers a series of coherent conceptual analyses addressing some of the most challenging areas, and also develops practical insights and strategies to address radicalisation in communities and with individuals at both practical and policy levels."
Max Taylor, Visiting Professor, Department of Security and Crime Sciences, University College London, UK
