Threat Assessment and Management Strategies Identifying the Howlers and Hunters, Second Edition

THREAT ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Establishing Threat Management Processes
Recognize the Need for Threat Management Processes
Assign Responsibility to Manage Inappropriate Situations to Trained Threat Managers
Provide Training and Liaison with Potential Targets and Administrative Staff
Create an Incident Tracking System with Well-Documented Files
Establish Liaison with Other Agencies, Neighboring Organizations, and Institutions with Shared Interests
Conduct Thorough Fact Finding
Use Consistent and Valid Threat Assessment Methods
Apply Threat Management Strategies Flexibly and Intelligently
Communicate with Potential Targets Professionally, Confidently, and Competently
Manage Inappropriate Situations Appropriately
Summary
Situation Analysis: When Physical Protection Fails

Identifying Problem Individuals
Understanding Violence
Identifying Problem Individuals
Protective Fact Finding Compared with Criminal Investigations
Conducting Protective Fact Finding
Using the Need to Knows
Interviewing the Subject
Summary
Situation Analysis: A Tragic Winters Tale

Assessing Problem Individuals
Formalized Threat Assessment Approaches
Summary
Situation Analysis: The Disgruntled Vet

Managing Problem Individuals
Threat Management Rules of Conduct
Take No Further Action at This Time
Watch and Wait
Third-Party Control or Monitoring
Subject Interviews: Refocus or Assist
Subject Interview: Warning or Confront
Civil Orders
Administrative Actions
Mental Health Commitments
Criminal Prosecutions
Managing the Risk
Summary
Situation Analysis: A Loser’s Shot at "Redemption"

IDENTIFYING THE HOWLERS AND HUNTERS

Introducing Hunters versus Howlers
Balancing Physical Security and Threat Management
Who Needs Managing?
Purpose of Part 2: Identifying Howlers and Hunters
Summary
Situation Analysis: The Poacher

Defining Hunters and Howlers
Hunters Defined and Exemplified
Howlers Defined and Exemplified
Hunters versus Howlers
Summary
Situation Analysis: The Payoff

Understanding Hunters
What Hunters Do
The Undetectable
Summary
Situation Analysis: The Nonaccidental Tourist

Understanding Howlers
Howler Categories
What Howlers Want
Summary
Situation Analysis: The Snitch

Working with the Intimacy Effect and the Law
Working with the Intimacy Effect
Applying Federal Law
Working with State and Local Laws on Threats and Domestic Violence
State Stalking Laws
Summary
Situation Analysis: A Mother’s Help

Working with the Hunter, Howler, and Other Concepts
Working with the Last Straw Syndrome
Other Concepts Influencing the Threat Management Process
Managing Hunters and Howlers
10 Guidelines for Managing Hunters and Howlers
Summary
Situation Analysis: The Relentless Pursuer

Appendix: When Should Threats Be Seen As Indicative of Future Violence? Threats, Intended Violence, and the Intimacy Effect

Biography

Frederick S. Calhoun, PhD, oversaw a national workplace violence prevention program for a large federal agency. He earned his PhD from the University of Chicago. He was the lead researcher and principal architect in developing the threat assessment process used by the United States Marshals Service for analyzing risks to federal judicial officials. He also developed the service’s policies and procedures for conducting protective investigations and wrote the curriculum and led the training of deputy US Marshals Service threat investigators and their supervisors. He is the author of 12 books and teaches a periodic two-day seminar, "Managing Threats: Reducing the Risk of Violence," designed to train law enforcement officers, mental health professionals, and private security officials to identify, assess, and manage individuals of violent intent.

Stephen W. Weston, JD, is a retired 32-year veteran of the California Highway Patrol. For 15 years, he managed the unit responsible for investigating threats against California state officials and government facilities. He is the coauthor of four books with Frederick S. Calhoun, consults with government and private organizations in the management of threatening situations, and lectures throughout the United States on threat management topics. He has served as president of the Northern California Chapter of the Association of Threat Assessment Professionals and taught a class in the California State University system entitled "Violence and Terrorism."