Urban Water Engineering and Management
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Book Description
In past decades, urban water management practices focused on optimizing the design and operation of water distribution networks, wastewater collection systems, and water and wastewater treatment plants. However, municipalities are now faced with aging urban water infrastructures whose operation must be improved and expanded to maintain current high standards of living as well as new challenges such as climate change, systems sustainability and water quality issues. Integrating the latest developments in urban water hydrology and management, Urban Water Engineering and Management takes a system approach to urban water hydrology, engineering, planning and management, supplying examples and case studies and highlighting pressing issues such as urban water governance, disaster management, and climate change impacts on urban areas. The book draws attention to climate change as a main concern of this century by focusing on its impact the components of water cycle.
The book covers modeling of urban water cycle components, urban water supply, and distribution systems demand forecasting. It also presents classical issues, such as design of water distribution networks and wastewater and storm collection in urban settings, from a system's perspective. The text also includes a discussion of water governance and disaster management in urban areas and the urbanization effects on the environment and the needed water infrastructure development in urban areas. Against this background, the authors discuss the importance of understanding the principles of simulation, optimization, multiple-criterion decision making, and conflict resolution for successful, integrated urban water management. They explore integrated water management and planning solutions for incorporating structural and nonstructural means to achieve the best operational schemes at affordable costs, going beyond using the existing structures and physical limitations on water availability to include technical, social, political, and economic aspects of better water and wastewater management in urban areas.
Written and designed especially for intermediate and advanced courses/modules in water resources in civil and environmental engineering, and in urban planning, the book can be used as a textbook for civil engineering, urban and regional planning, geography, environmental science, and in courses dealing with urban water cycle. It also introduces new horizons for engineers as well as policy and decision makers who plan for future urban water and regional sustainability. Engineers and planners, especially those who work on design, planning, and management of urban systems and/or community development, can use this book in practice because it deals with a broad range of real world urban water problems.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Urban Water Cycle
Interaction of Climatic, Hydrologic Process, and Urban Component
UrbanWater Infrastructure Management
UrbanWater Cycle Management
Summary and Conclusion
References
Governance and UrbanWater Planning
Introduction
Water Sensitive Urban Design
Water Governance
Governance Models .
Absence of Public Participation
Remaining Issues
Urban Planning
UrbanWater Planning
UrbanWater Assessment
Concluding Remarks
References
UrbanWater Hydrology
Introduction
Rainfall–Runoff Analysis in Urban Areas
Excess Rainfall Calculation
Rainfall Measurement
Estimation of Urban Runoff Volume
Unit Hydrographs
Revisiting a Flood Record
A Test of the Significance of the Urban Effect
Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)
Problems
References
UrbanWater Supply and Demand
Introduction
History ofWater Supply Development
Water Availability
Water Development and Share ofWater Users
Man-Made and Natural Resources forWater Supplies
Supplementary Sources ofWater
Water Treatment Methods
Water Supply System Challenges
Water Demand
Water Demand Forecasting
Water Storage
Water Distribution System
Hydraulics ofWater Distribution Systems
Pipeline Analysis and Design
Water Quality Modeling in aWater Distribution Network
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
UrbanWater Demand Management
Introduction
Basic Definitions ofWater Use
Paradigm Shift in UrbanWater Management: Toward Demand Management
The “Soft Path” forWater
UrbanWater Demand Management: Objectives and Strategies
UWDM Screening
UrbanWater Demand
UrbanWater Demand Management Factors
Demographic Considerations
EvaluatingWater Conservation
Future Demand Supply
Conflict Issues inWater Demand Management
Application of UWDM for SustainableWater Development
Concluding Remarks
Problems
References
UrbanWater Drainage System
Introduction
Urban Planning and Stormwater Drainage
Open-Channel Flow in UrbanWatersheds
Components of Urban Stormwater Drainage Systems
Culverts
Design Flow of Surface Drainage Channels
Stormwater Storage Facilities
Risk Issues in Urban Drainage
Urban Floods
Sanitation
Wastewater Management
StormNET: Stormwater andWastewater Modeling
Problems
References
Environmental Impacts of Urbanization
Introduction
Urbanization Effects on the Hydrologic Cycle
Urbanization Impacts onWater Quality
Physical and Ecological Impacts of Urbanization
Urbanization Impacts on Rivers and Lakes
Impacts of Urbanization on Groundwater
Overall State of Impacts
Problems
References
Tools and Techniques
Introduction
Simulation Techniques
Optimization Techniques
Fuzzy Sets and Parameter Imprecision
UrbanWater Systems Economics
Problems
References
UrbanWater Infrastructure
Introduction
UrbanWater Infrastructures
Interactions between the UrbanWater Cycle and Urban Infrastructure Components
Financing Methods for Infrastructure Development
Sustainable Development of UrbanWater Infrastructures
SIM ofWater Mains
Public Benefits from SIM Improvements
Opportunities for SIM Capability Improvement .
Concluding Remarks
Problems .
References
UrbanWater System Dynamics and Conflict Resolution
Introduction
System Dynamics
Conflict Resolution
Case Studies
Conclusion: Making TechnologiesWork
Problems
References
UrbanWater Disaster Management
Introduction
Sources and Kinds of Disasters
What is UWDM?
Societal Responsibilities
Planning Process for UWDM
Water Disaster Management Strategies
Situation Analysis
Disaster Indices
Uncertainties in UrbanWater Engineering
Risk Analysis: Composite Hydrological and Hydraulic Risk
System Readiness
Guidelines for Disaster Management
Developing a Pattern for the Analysis of the System’s Readiness
Conclusion
Problems
References
Climate Change
Introduction
Climate Change Process
Impacts of Climate Change on UrbanWater Supply
Adaptation with Climate Change
Climate Change Prediction
Downscaling Models
Case Studies
Conclusion
Problems
References .
Index
Author(s)
Biography
Mohammad Karamouz is affiliated with the Polytechnic Institute of New York University.