Introduction
Setting The Stage
Still Waters
on Ponds
References and Recommended Reading
Pond Process Elements
Microorganisms
Microbiology: What is it?
Wastewater Microorganisms
Key Terms
Bacteria
Algae
Invertebrates
Pond Macroinvertebrates
References and Recommended Reading
Biochemistry in a Wastewater Stabilization Pond
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Nitrogen Cycle
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
pH and Alkalinity
Physical Factors
Pond Nutritional Requirements
References and Recommended Reading
Pond Math Parameters
Introduction
Metric System, Conversion Factors and SI Units
Conversion Factors
General Treatment Pond Parameters
Treatment Pond Process Control Calculations
Aerated Ponds
Still Water System Calculations
Wastewater Stabilization Pond Design Example Problems
References and Recommended Reading
Design of Wastewater Stabilization Ponds
Introduction
Anaerobic Ponds
Facultative Ponds
Aerated Pond Systems
References and Recommended Reading
Pond Construction
Introduction
Dike Construction
Pond Sealing
Pond Hydraulics
Pond Recirculation and Configuration
References and Recommended Reading
Advanced Pond Design
Introduction
Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems® (AIWPS®)
References and Recommended Reading
Nutrient Removal
Introduction
Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment Ponds
Facultative Ponds
Aerobic Ponds
Commercial Products
Removal of Phosphorus
References and Recommended Reading
Improving Pond Effluent
Introduction
Solids Removal Methods
Operational Modifications and Additions
Control of Algae and Design of Settling Basins
Comparison of Various Design Procedures
Operational Modifications to Facultative Ponds
Performance Comparison with Other Removal Methods
References and Recommended Reading
Operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting
Introduction
Control Testing Information
Operation and Maintenance for Ponds
Pond Safety
Troubleshooting
References and Recommended Reading
Glossary
Index
Biography
Frank R. Spellman, PhD, is a retired U.S. Navy officer with 26 years of active duty, a retired environmental safety and health manager for a large wastewater sanitation district in Virginia, and a retired assistant professor of environmental health at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. The author/co-author of 92 books, Dr. Spellman consults on environmental matters with the U.S. Department of Justice and various law firms and environmental entities throughout the globe. Spellman holds a BA in public administration, a BS in business management, and an MBA and MS/PhD in environmental engineering.
Joanne E. Drinan
is a retired U.S. Navy chief petty officer with 20 years of active duty. She worked for 13 years as an administrative coordinator for a large wastewater treatment sanitation district in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Currently, Drinan works for a nonprofit organization in Oneonta, New York. She is the author/co-author of more than 12 environmental science books. She holds a BS in business administration from St. Leo University.