1st Edition

Why It's OK to Be a Moderate

By Marcus Arvan Copyright 2025
278 Pages
by Routledge

278 Pages
by Routledge

278 Pages
by Routledge

Conservatives and progressives rarely agree on much—but one thing many agree upon is that it’s not OK to be a moderate. This book shows they are wrong. In Why It’s OK to be a Moderate , Marcus Arvan shows how many of history’s worst evils have resulted from far-right and far-left radicalism, how escalating conflicts between conservatives and progressives are undermining democracy, and how many... Read more

1. The Curiously Poor Reputation of Moderates

Are Moderates Centrists, and Centrists the Worst?

Are Most Moderates Not Centrists?

What Makes Someone (a) Moderate?

What’s So Great About Radicals?

How Moderates Play the Long Game

2. What is it to be a Moderate? Means, Ends, Degrees, Contexts

Vagueness: Why Defining “Moderate” Precisely Seems Impossible

From Vagueness to Family Resemblance Cluster-Concepts

“Moderate” as a Vague Cluster Concept

Moderates as Pragmatists

Moderates as Value Pluralists

Moderates as (Principled) Compromisers

Moderates as Gradualists

Classifying Moderates: Means, Ends, Degrees, Contexts

“Debatable Cases”: MLK Jr., Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Moderate Revolutionaries

Either/And, not Either/Or?

Why It Doesn’t Matter Who’s “Really” a Moderate

3.The (Potential) Virtues of Progressivism and Conservatism, But (Very Real) Vices of Radicalism

Distinguishing Political Virtues from Vices

Potential Virtues of Progressivism

Potential Virtues of Conservatism

Vices of Radicals

Moral Extremism

Manichaeism

Moral Grandstanding

Dehumanizing Demonization

Polarization

Political Misperception

Motivated Reasoning

Conspiracism

Magical Thinking

Crude Consequentialism

Violence

Authoritarianism

Threatening Democracy: Radical Left and Right—A Toxic Mix

The Core Vice of Radicalism: Lack of Moderation

4. The (Very Real) Virtues and (Potential) Vices of Moderates

Virtues of Moderates

Political Prudence

Moderation

Civility

Civic Friendship

Defending Democracy

Potential Vices of Moderates

Radicals and Moderates in Tension: The Best of Both Worlds?

5. Radical 20th Century Solutions, Radical 21st Century Problems: From Isolationism, Communism, Fascism, Reaganomics, and Thatcherism to Brexit, White Nationalism, and Back Again

Radicalism’s Achievements

The Dark Side of Radicalism

From Assassination to World War I

From Polarization to Nazism and Fascism

From Nazism, Fascism, Pacifism and Isolationism to World War II

From Communism to Tyranny

From Realism to the Cold War

From Neoliberalism to Soaring Inequality

From Neoconservatism to Forever Wars

From Islamic Extremism to the War on Terror

From Extremism to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

From Cosmopolitanism to Brexit, Euroscepticism, and White Nationalism

Rinse and Repeat? Radicalisms Old and New in the 21st Century

Has Liberalism Failed, or Has Radicalism Run Out of Control?

6. Why It’s OK to be a Moderate: Prudently Guiding the Political Pendulum (with Radicals!)

Clarifying Our Thesis: #NotAllModerates

Good Politics as Prudently Guiding the Political Pendulum

Why Progressives Should Believe It’s OK to be a Moderate

Why Conservatives Should Believe It’s OK to be a Moderate

Why it Can (Often) be OK to be a Centrist

Enhancing Moderate Virtues, Countering Radical Vices

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Biography

Marcus Arvan is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tampa, USA. He has published widely in moral and political philosophy, and metaphysics and philosophy of mind. His two previous books are Rightness as Fairness: A Moral and Political Theory (2016) and Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality: A Philosophical Theory (2020).

“Marcus Arvan has written an extremely valuable book about one of the most unfairly maligned and misunderstood figures in contemporary politics—the political moderate. He shows that far from being wishy-washy cowards, moderates in fact play a thankless but vital role in a healthy democracy. If you’ve ever been criticized for refusing to stick to an extreme view, you would benefit from reading this book. If you’ve ever issued such a criticism to another, everyone else would benefit from you reading it.” – Justin Tosi, Georgetown University, USA

“Moderates are often derided by extremists on both sides, who see them as willing to compromise with the enemy. Against this backdrop, Arvan offers a compelling defense of political moderation—which involves pragmatism, respect for different values, and a view towards the long run. Combining historical examples with philosophical analysis, the book is especially relevant in these polarized times. Students, political philosophers, and concerned citizens in general will find much to draw from and engage with in this excellent short book.” – Hrishikesh Joshi, University of Arizona, USA

“In a world that grows more and more polarized, many of us feel pulled further to the right or left. This book is an excellent prophylactic against that tendency. Though often disparaged, Marcus Arvan makes a compelling case for why it’s okay to be a moderate. Just as convincing are his arguments against being a radical. If you feel out of place in a world of political extremes, this is the book for you. I highly recommend it.” – Brian Kogelmann, Purdue University, USA

“Moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue," Barry Goldwater famously declared. This book challenges that claim, arguing that moderation is a principled and courageous response to the extremes that threaten democracy. Moderation is not a weakness but the discipline to navigate competing values and moral complexity. Its arguments are sure to unsettle conservatives, progressives, liberals, and libertarians alike, inviting readers to reconsider the role of compromise and restraint in a polarized time.”   John Thrasher, Chapman University, USA

“In sum, Why It’s OK to Be a Moderate is a necessary and timely contribution to the growing body of literature aiming to understand our contemporary political situation in conversation with the lessons of history and with an eye toward the future. It is a great book released at the perfect time, and I will be recommending it to students, family, and friends.” -- Michael McGowan in Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy