1. The Curiously Poor Reputation of Moderates
Are Moderates Centrists, and Centrists the Worst?
Are Most Moderates Not Centrists?
What Makes Someone (a) Moderate?
What’s So Great About Radicals?
How Moderates Play the Long Game
2. What is it to be a Moderate? Means, Ends, Degrees, Contexts
Vagueness: Why Defining “Moderate” Precisely Seems Impossible
From Vagueness to Family Resemblance Cluster-Concepts
“Moderate” as a Vague Cluster Concept
Moderates as Pragmatists
Moderates as Value Pluralists
Moderates as (Principled) Compromisers
Moderates as Gradualists
Classifying Moderates: Means, Ends, Degrees, Contexts
“Debatable Cases”: MLK Jr., Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Moderate Revolutionaries
Either/And, not Either/Or?
Why It Doesn’t Matter Who’s “Really” a Moderate
3.The (Potential) Virtues of Progressivism and Conservatism, But (Very Real) Vices of Radicalism
Distinguishing Political Virtues from Vices
Potential Virtues of Progressivism
Potential Virtues of Conservatism
Vices of Radicals
Moral Extremism
Manichaeism
Moral Grandstanding
Dehumanizing Demonization
Polarization
Political Misperception
Motivated Reasoning
Conspiracism
Magical Thinking
Crude Consequentialism
Violence
Authoritarianism
Threatening Democracy: Radical Left and Right—A Toxic Mix
The Core Vice of Radicalism: Lack of Moderation
4. The (Very Real) Virtues and (Potential) Vices of Moderates
Virtues of Moderates
Political Prudence
Moderation
Civility
Civic Friendship
Defending Democracy
Potential Vices of Moderates
Radicals and Moderates in Tension: The Best of Both Worlds?
5. Radical 20th Century Solutions, Radical 21st Century Problems: From Isolationism, Communism, Fascism, Reaganomics, and Thatcherism to Brexit, White Nationalism, and Back Again
Radicalism’s Achievements
The Dark Side of Radicalism
From Assassination to World War I
From Polarization to Nazism and Fascism
From Nazism, Fascism, Pacifism and Isolationism to World War II
From Communism to Tyranny
From Realism to the Cold War
From Neoliberalism to Soaring Inequality
From Neoconservatism to Forever Wars
From Islamic Extremism to the War on Terror
From Extremism to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
From Cosmopolitanism to Brexit, Euroscepticism, and White Nationalism
Rinse and Repeat? Radicalisms Old and New in the 21st Century
Has Liberalism Failed, or Has Radicalism Run Out of Control?
6. Why It’s OK to be a Moderate: Prudently Guiding the Political Pendulum (with Radicals!)
Clarifying Our Thesis: #NotAllModerates
Good Politics as Prudently Guiding the Political Pendulum
Why Progressives Should Believe It’s OK to be a Moderate
Why Conservatives Should Believe It’s OK to be a Moderate
Why it Can (Often) be OK to be a Centrist
Enhancing Moderate Virtues, Countering Radical Vices
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Biography
Marcus Arvan is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tampa, USA. He has published widely in moral and political philosophy, and metaphysics and philosophy of mind. His two previous books are Rightness as Fairness: A Moral and Political Theory (2016) and Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality: A Philosophical Theory (2020).
“Marcus Arvan has written an extremely valuable book about one of the most unfairly maligned and misunderstood figures in contemporary politics—the political moderate. He shows that far from being wishy-washy cowards, moderates in fact play a thankless but vital role in a healthy democracy. If you’ve ever been criticized for refusing to stick to an extreme view, you would benefit from reading this book. If you’ve ever issued such a criticism to another, everyone else would benefit from you reading it.” – Justin Tosi, Georgetown University, USA
“Moderates are often derided by extremists on both sides, who see them as willing to compromise with the enemy. Against this backdrop, Arvan offers a compelling defense of political moderation—which involves pragmatism, respect for different values, and a view towards the long run. Combining historical examples with philosophical analysis, the book is especially relevant in these polarized times. Students, political philosophers, and concerned citizens in general will find much to draw from and engage with in this excellent short book.” – Hrishikesh Joshi, University of Arizona, USA
“In a world that grows more and more polarized, many of us feel pulled further to the right or left. This book is an excellent prophylactic against that tendency. Though often disparaged, Marcus Arvan makes a compelling case for why it’s okay to be a moderate. Just as convincing are his arguments against being a radical. If you feel out of place in a world of political extremes, this is the book for you. I highly recommend it.” – Brian Kogelmann, Purdue University, USA
“Moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue," Barry Goldwater famously declared. This book challenges that claim, arguing that moderation is a principled and courageous response to the extremes that threaten democracy. Moderation is not a weakness but the discipline to navigate competing values and moral complexity. Its arguments are sure to unsettle conservatives, progressives, liberals, and libertarians alike, inviting readers to reconsider the role of compromise and restraint in a polarized time.” – John Thrasher, Chapman University, USA
“In sum, Why It’s OK to Be a Moderate is a necessary and timely contribution to the growing body of literature aiming to understand our contemporary political situation in conversation with the lessons of history and with an eye toward the future. It is a great book released at the perfect time, and I will be recommending it to students, family, and friends.” -- Michael McGowan in Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy






