Social researchers increasingly find themselves looking beyond conventional methods to address complex research questions. This is the first book to comprehensively examine emergent qualitative and quantitative theories and methods across the social and behavioral sciences. Providing scholars and students with a way to retool their research choices, the volume presents cutting-edge approaches to data collection, analysis, and representation. Leading researchers describe alternative uses of traditional quantitative and qualitative tools; innovative hybrid or mixed methods; and new techniques facilitated by technological advances. Consistently formatted chapters explore the strengths and limitations of each method for studying different types of research questions and offer practical, in-depth examples.

    Introduction: Pushing on the Methodological Boundaries—The Growing Need for Emergent Methods within and across the Disciplines, Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber and Patricia Leavy
    I. Historical Context of Emergent Methods and Innovation in the Practice of Research Methods
    Introduction to Part I, Patricia Leavy and Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber
    History
    1. History of Methods in Social Science Research, Karen M. Staller, Ellen Block, and Pilar S. Horner
    2. Gender Inclusion, Contextual Values, and Strong Objectivity: Emergent Feminist Methods for Research in the Sciences, Sue V. Rosser
    3. A Post-Newtonian, Postmodern Approach to Science: New Methods in Social Action Research, Lisa Cosgrove and Maureen McHugh
    4. Emergence in and from Quasi-Experimental Design and Analysis, Melvin M. Mark
    Document Research
    5. Researching Documents: Emergent Methods, Lindsay Prior
    6. Emergent Qualitative Document Analysis, David Altheide, Michael Coyle, Katie DeVriese, and Christopher Schneider
    Grounded Theory
    7. Grounded Theory as an Emergent Method, Kathy Charmaz
    Interviewing
    8. New Frontiers in Standardized Survey Interviewing, Frederick G. Conrad and Michael F. Schober
    9. Emergent Approaches to Focus Group Research, David Morgan, Collin Fellows, and Heather Guevara
    10. Emergent Issues in International Focus Group Discussions, Monique M. Hennink
    11. Three Dimensions and More: Oral History Beyond the Paradoxes of Method, Michael Frisch
    Ethnography
    12. Narrative Ethnography, Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein
    13. Public Ethnography, Carol A. Bailey
    14. Emergent Methods in Autoethnographic Research: Autoethnographic Narrative and the Multiethnographic Turn, Christine S. Davis and Carolyn Ellis
    15. New Critical Collaborative Ethnography, Himika Bhattacharya
    Arts-Based Practice
    16. Visual Research Methods: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?, Gunilla Holm
    17. Performance-Based Emergent Methods, Patricia Leavy
    II. Innovations in Research Methods Design and Analysis
    Introduction to Part II, Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber
    18. Mixing Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches: An Introduction to Emergent Mixed Methods Research, Vicki L. Plano Clark, John W. Creswell, Denise O'Neil Green, and Ronald J. Shope
    19. Emergent Techniques in the Gathering and Analysis of Mixed Methods Data, Charles Teddlie, Abbas Tashakkori, and Burke Johnson
    20. Data Analysis and Interpretation: Emergent Issues in Linking Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence, Sarah Irwin
    21. Longitudinal Research: An Emergent Method in the Social Sciences, Elisabetta Ruspini
    22. Categorizing and Connecting Strategies in Qualitative Data Analysis, Joseph A. Maxwell and Barbara A. Miller
    23. Metaphor Analysis, Zazie Todd and Simon J. Harrison
    24. Hearing Voices: Listening for Multiplicity and Movement in Interview Data, Lynn Sorsoli and Deborah L. Tolman
    III. The Impact of Emergent Technologies on Research Methods
    Introduction to Part III, Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber
    25. Internet Research as Emergent Practice, Christine Hine
    26. Internet-Mediated Research as an Emergent Method and Its Potential Role in Facilitating Mixed Methods Research, Claire Hewson
    27. Hypermedia Methods for Qualitative Research, Bella Dicks & Bruce Mason
    28. Mixed Emotions, Mixed Methods: The Role of Emergent Technologies in Studying User Experience in Context, Ingrid Mulder and Joke Kort
    29. Emergent Methods in Feminist Geography, Mei-Po Kwan
    30. Neural Networks an Emergent Method in Quantitative Research: An Example of Self-Organizing Maps, Natalia Sarkisian
    31. User-Centered Perspectives on Qualitative Data Analysis Software: The Impact of Emergent Technologies and Future Trends, Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber and Christine Crofts
    32. The Role of Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis: Impact on Emergent Methods in Qualitative Research, Nigel Fielding

    Biography

    Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber is Professor of Sociology and Director of Women’s Studies at Boston College. She is also the founder and former Executive Director of the National Association for Women in Catholic Higher Education. She has published widely on the impact of sociocultural factors on women’s body image, as well as on feminist and qualitative research methods. She is codeveloper of the software program HyperRESEARCH, a computer-assisted program for analyzing qualitative data, and of the new transcription tool HyperTRANSCRIBE. Her article "Qualitative Approaches to Mixed Methods Practice" was the most downloaded article of 2010 in the journal Qualitative Inquiry.

    Patricia Leavy, PhD, is an independent sociologist and former Chair of Sociology and Criminology and Founding Director of Gender Studies at Stonehill College in Easton, Massachusetts. She is the author, coauthor, or editor of over 30 books, and the creator and editor of 10 book series. Known for her commitment to public scholarship, she is frequently contacted by the U.S. national news media and has blogged for The Huffington Post, The Creativity Post, and We Are the Real Deal. She is also co-founder and co-editor-in-chief of the journal Art/Research International. Dr. Leavy has received numerous awards for her work in the field of research methods, including the Distinguished Service Outside the Profession Award from the National Art Education Association, the New England Sociologist of the Year Award from the New England Sociological Association, the Special Achievement Award from the American Creativity Association, the Egon Guba Memorial Keynote Lecture Award from the American Educational Research Association Qualitative Special Interest Group, and the Special Career Award from the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry. In 2016, Mogul, a global women’s empowerment platform, named her an “Influencer.” The School of Fine and Performing Arts at the State University of New York at New Paltz has established the Patricia Leavy Award for Art and Social Justice in her honor. Dr. Leavy delivers invited lectures and keynote addresses at universities and conferences. Her website is www.patricialeavy.com.

    A 'must read' for anyone interested in remaining current with developing research techniques. The book provides a wealth of information regarding innovative approaches that will permit the investigation of novel research questions.--Larry Christensen, Chair, Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama

    In the rapidly changing domain of qualitative methods, this comprehensive handbook places qualitative inquiry in context and provides a much-needed, in-depth view of the latest developments. The book describes the 'roots' of the major qualitative methods and how they are developing, outlines innovations in research design and analysis, and explores the impact that these developments are having on methods per se. Hesse-Biber and Leavy are to be congratulated for bringing together leaders in the field to create this seminal work, which will have a profound impact on qualitative methods.--Janice M. Morse, Professor and Barnes Presidential Endowed Chair, College of Nursing, University of Utah

    Methods determine not only how we see, but also what we can see. This comprehensive handbook details creative new approaches to asking and exploring questions within the social sciences. These approaches offer liberation from the narrowing straits of logical positivistic measurement and quantification, and chart the paths to addressing more socially meaningful questions. They provide means for examining social reality with fresh tools. The range of chapters on different emergent methods will be enlightening to both new and experienced researchers.--Ruthellen Josselson, School of Psychology, Fielding Graduate University

    With contributions from both emerging and established methodological scholars, this innovative, engaging work articulates a view of research less as a linear series of stages than as an unfolding and evolving process. This orientation is in tune with changes in theoretical underpinnings of research that underline many contemporary methodological approaches, including participatory, feminist, and other inclusive approaches. Readers are offered fodder for beginning to think outside of the traditional methodological box and for revitalizing such methods as focus group interviewing and oral history. This book will be of value to both novice and more well-established investigators who wish to pursue their research endeavors more flexibly, reflectively, and inclusively.--Bruce L. Berg, Department of Criminal Justice, California State University, Long Beach

    Hesse-Biber and Leavy's timely and constructive response to the collapse of disciplinary authority and the postmodern challenge in the social sciences does not take an 'anything goes' position. The editors and their collaborators argue for a principled and rational approach to orchestrating research that welcomes and evaluates a bewildering array of emergent methods in the social sciences. This handbook both provides invaluable, specific guidance to researchers and frames the notion of methodological emergence as a theoretical challenge in its own right.--Davydd J. Greenwood, Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology, Cornell University

    This is a powerful and valuable work for anyone involved in social science research. Hesse-Biber and Leavy have called together many experienced writers in qualitative methods to explore the emergent methods so critical to the current time. Whether deconstructing document research, arts-based approaches, or historical methods, or extending our understanding of interviewing, performance ethnography, and participatory approaches, all of the chapters provide greater clarity about how we do what we do in the qualitative research community. If their goals were to illuminate, transform, and inspire, these editors and contributors have certainly hit their mark. This book is a gift to both students and teachers of emergent methods.--Valerie J. Janesick, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, University of South Florida

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