Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality A Brief History of the Education of Dominated Cultures in the United States

Preface 

1. Deculturalization, Race and Ethnicity, Attitudes of Cultural and Racial Superiority 

Classifying Race and Ethnicity in the United States 

The Meaning of White 

Origins of Western Attitudes of Cultural Superiority: The Meaning of “Uncivilized” and “Pagan” 

Anglo-Saxon Concepts of Cultural and Religious Superiority 

Globalization: Denial of Education, Deculturalization, and Acculturation 

World Refugees 

Education and Creation of an Anglo-American Culture 

The Meaning of Equality 

Genocide and Deculturalization: Native and Alaskan Americans 

Early Native American Educational Programs Schooling and the Colonization of the “Five Civilized Tribes” 

Interpreting American History: The 1776 Commission and the 1619 Project  

Conclusion 

2. Native Americans/Alaskan Natives: Institutional Racism and Deculturalization 

The World’s Indigenous Peoples 

Native Americans and Alaskan Natives Are Part of the World’s Indigenous Peoples

Early Attempts to Deculturalize Native Americans: Missionary Educators 

Thomas L. Mckenney: The Cultural Power of Schooling and Deculturalization 

Native American Development of Written Languages 

Alaskan Natives: Buying “Uncivilized” Tribes 

Indian Removal and Civilization Programs 

Native Americans: Reservations and Boarding Schools 

Alaskan Natives and Mt. Edgecumbe Boarding School 

The Meriam Report 

Native American Citizenship 

The Results of the Native American Educational System

Burial Grounds: Investigation of Native American, Alaskan, and Hawaiian Boarding Schools 

Conclusion 

3. African Americans: Globalization and the African Diaspora 

African Diaspora and Slavery 

Cultural Transformation and the Forced Migration of Enslaved Africans 

Atlantic Creoles 

Slavery and Cultural Change in The North 

Freedom in Northern States 

Educational Segregation 

Boston and the Struggle for Equal Educational Opportunity 

Plantation Society 

Learning to Read 

Citizenship for African Americans 

Fourteenth Amendment: Citizenship and Education 

The Great Literacy Crusade 

Resisting Segregation 

The Second Crusade 

Conclusion 

4. Asian Americans: Exclusion and Segregation 

Globalization and Diaspora: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Indian 

Asian Diaspora to the United States 

Education: From Coolie to Model Minority and Gook 

Educating the Coolie, Deviant, and Yellow Peril 

Institutional Racism 

Conclusion 

5. Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Latinx Americans: Exclusion and Segregation 

What’s in a Name? 

Hispanic/Latino/Latinx Population in the United States 

Conquest and Deculturalization: Mexico and Puerto Rico 

The Conquest of Mexican Lands and Mexican American Citizenship 

Issues Regarding Puerto Rican Citizenship 

Mexican American Educational Issues 

Early Bilingual Instruction 

Protest Against Mexican American School Experience 

Puerto Rican Educational Issues 

Summary List of Americanization Policies in Public Schools in Puerto Rico

Methods of Deculturalization and Americanization 

Conclusion 

6. The Great Civil Rights Movement and the New Culture Wars 

The Great Civil Rights Movement

Globalization: The Great Civil Rights Movement and Wars of Liberation 

School Desegregation

Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. 

Native Americans 

Indian Education: A National Tragedy 

Asian Americans: Educating the “Model Minority” 

Asian Americans: Language and the Continued Struggle for Equal Educational Opportunity 

Hispanic/Latino Americans 

Bilingual Education: The Culture Wars Continued 

Multicultural Education, Immigration and the Culture Wars

Cultural and Linguistic Genocide, and Educational Segregation Are Still Alive in The Twenty-First Century 

Native and Alaskan Education Today 

The Continuing African American Struggle for Equal Education: Institutional Racism 

Institutional Racism: Hispanic/Latino 

Conclusion 

7. Model Students, Religion, White Supremacy, and Corporate Culture 

Asians: The Model Minority 

Affirmative Action and Asian Students 

Religion in United States  

Immigration to the United States 

The Effect of Immigration on Schools 

Are Native Americans Reclaiming Their Lands? 

Resegregation of American Schools 

What are the Consequences of Segregation for Low-Achieving Students? 

White Supremacy 

Corporate Culture: Soft Skills 

The Ideal Corporate Family Culture 

Deculturalization for a Global Corporation 

Conclusion

Biography

Joel Spring is Professor Emeritus at Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA.

“Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality is a foundational text for teaching about the history of indigenous and Americans of color in the United States. I will continue to use this text and recommend it for as long as I teach.”

Lillian Castaneda, California State University Channel Islands, USA

"This book provides our students with a range of cultures to learn about and explore. It provides such great context on deculturalization and privilege which has created institutions that have systemic racism. Dr. Spring notes the great weight that systemic racism has put on our education system, even today."

Lori Lucas, Wayne State University, USA