1st Edition

Modern Protective Structures

By Theodor Krauthammer Copyright 2008
    528 Pages 262 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    In today's world, reasonably predictable military operations have been replaced by low intensity conflicts-less predictable terrorist activities carried out by determined individuals or small groups that possess a wide range of backgrounds and capabilities. Because of the threats posed by this evolving type of warfare, civil engineers and emergency personnel face new challenges in designing facilities to protect lives and property and in conducting effective rescue operations and forensic investigations. Addressing these needs, Modern Protective Structures develops realistic guidelines for the analysis, design, assessment, retrofit, and research of protected facilities.

    After introducing a comprehensive risk management approach, the author provides a general background on explosive devices and their capabilities as well as explosive effects and the processes that generate them. He then discusses the effects of conventional and nuclear explosions. The book subsequently considers the significant design differences between conventional and nuclear loads and between existing design procedures and state-of-the-art information from recent research. It also summarizes existing blast-resistant design approaches and describes the dynamic responses of structural systems to blasts, shocks, and impacts. Additional coverage includes the behavior of specific structural connections, the traditional concept of P-I diagrams, and progressive collapse. The book concludes with a systematic and balanced protective design approach.

    Tackling the analytical, design, assessment, and hazard mitigation issues associated with short-duration dynamic loads, this book examines how impulsive loads affect various types of buildings and facilities. It provides the necessary material to help ensure the safety of persons, assets, and projects.

    INTRODUCTION
    General Background
    Protective Planning and Design Philosophy
    Protection Methodology, Threat, and Risk Assessment
    From Threat and Hazard Environment to Load Definition
    Technical Resources and Blast Mitigation Capabilities
    Analysis Requirements and Capabilities
    Protective Technology: Current State and Future Needs
    Summary

    EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AND EXPLOSIONS
    Introduction
    Characteristics of Explosive Processes, Devices, and Environments
    Explosives, Explosions, Effects, and Their Mitigation

    CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENTS
    Introduction
    Airblast
    Penetration
    HE-Induced Ground Shock, Cratering, and Ejecta
    Cratering, Ejecta, and Ground Shock from Nuclear Devices
    Fragmentation
    Fire, Chemical, Bacteriological, and Radiological Environments

    CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR LOADS ON STRUCTURES
    Conventional Loads on Structures
    Nuclear Loads on Structures
    Step-by-Step Procedures for Deriving Blast Design Loads

    BEHAVIORS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
    Introduction
    Government and Non-Government Manuals and Criteria
    Distances from Explosion and Dynamic Loads
    Material Properties of Steel and Concrete
    Flexural Resistance
    Shear Resistance
    Tensile and Compressive Members
    Principal Reinforcement
    Cylinders, Arches, and Domes
    Shear Walls
    Frames
    Natural Periods of Vibration
    Advanced Considerations
    Application to Structural Design
    Practical Damage and Response Limits

    DYNAMIC RESPONSE AND ANALYSIS
    Introduction
    Simple Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Analysis
    Multi Degree of Freedom (MDOF) Systems
    Continuous Systems
    Intermediate and Advanced Computational Approaches
    Validation Requirements for Computational Capabilities
    Practical Computation Support for Protective Analysis and Design Activities

    CONNECTIONS, OPENINGS, INTERFACES, AND INTERNAL SHOCK
    Connections
    Openings and Interfaces
    Internal Shock and Its Isolation
    Internal Pressure

    PRESSURE-IMPULSE DIAGRAMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
    Introduction
    Background
    Characteristics of P-I Diagrams
    Analytical Solutions of P-I Diagrams
    Numerical Approach to P-I Curves
    Dynamic Analysis Approach
    Dynamic Structural Model
    Application Examples for SDOF and P-I Computational Approaches

    PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE
    Introduction
    Background
    Progressive Collapses of Different Types of Structures
    Department of Defense and General Services Administration Guidelines
    Advanced Frame Structure Analysis
    Summary

    A COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTIVE DESIGN APPROACH
    Introduction
    Background
    Protection Approaches and Measures
    Planning and Design Assumptions
    Siting, Architectural, and Functional Considerations
    Load Considerations
    Structural Behavior and Performance
    Structural System Behavior
    Structural System and Component Selection
    Multi-Hazard Protective Design
    Other Safety Considerations
    Development and Implementation of Effective Protective Technology
    Summary

    REFERENCES
    INDEX

    Biography

    Theodor Krauthammer, Theodor Krauthammer