Agency in Multilingual Education Policy and Planning in Asia

NANCY H. HORNBERGER

1 The Macro (Structure) and Micro (Agency) Dialectic in Multilingual Education Policy and Planning Contexts

SYED ABDUL MANAN AND ANAS HAJAR

2 Beyond the Hegemony of National Language-in-Education Policy: Creating Multilingual Environments Through Local Agency in a Marginalized School Context in Bangladesh

M. MAKSUD ALI AND M. OBAIDUL HAMID

3 Translanguaging as Agentive Resistance to Hegemonic Language Policy Mandates: Making a Case for a Self- Reflexive Stance in Teacher Agency Development in India

PADMINI BHUYAN BORUAH AND AJIT KUMAR MOHANTY

4 “Making Up” for the Trilingual Policy Tensions: A Snapshot of the “Ground-Up” Appropriation and Coping Strategies

SYED ABDUL MANAN AND ANAS HAJAR

5 Teachers as Policy Navigators amidst Bureaucratized Language Policy Regimes in Pakistan

ZIA UR REHMAN BAZAI, STEFANIE PILLAI, AND SYED ABDUL MANAN

6 Silence as Agency: Unpacking and Addressing Resistance to Multilingualism and Multilingual Pedagogies

RUANNI TUPAS AND CECILIA A. SUAREZ

7 School Administrators’ Agency in Planning Language of Instruction: But for Whom?

PRAMOD K. SAH

8 Micro Language Planning in the EMI Classroom in Hong Kong: The Role of Student Agency

CHIT CHEUNG MATTHEW SUNG

9 Empowering Educators: Unravelling Teacher Agency in Navigating Convergent Management for International Students in Chinese Higher Education

YAWEN HAN AND HAOXUAN KONG

10 Teacher Agency in Negotiating English Language Class Writing for Young Learners in Singapore

DONNA LIM AND KIREN KAUR

11 Empowering Preservice Teachers’ Agency in Multilingual Practices: A Formative Intervention Design in an Australian Teacher Education Program

HONGZHI YANG

Afterword: What LPP Actors Can Do to Contain the “English Fever”

PETER I. DE COSTA

Biography

Syed Abdul Manan, PhD, is Associate Professor of Multilingual Education at Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education, Kazakhstan. His research, teaching, and supervision interests include language education policy and planning, English Medium Instruction (EMI), multilingual practices, World Englishes, and policy issues related to the politics, economics, and sociology of languages, linguistic rights, and social justice. His research has been published in top- tier journals that include Language Policy, Language Problems and Language Planning, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Multilingua, Current Issues in Language Planning, World Englishes, and others. He is co- editor of the book Multilingual Selves and Motivations for Learning Languages other than English in Asian Contexts (Hajar & Manan, 2024).

Anas Hajar, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Graduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan. He is particularly interested in motivational issues in language learning and intercultural engagement. He also works in the areas of internationalization and education abroad, language learning strategies, and shadow education.