Advanced Nutrition Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Metabolism

Contents

Preface ............................................................................................................................................. xvii

Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................ xix

Author Biographies .......................................................................................................................... xxi

Chapter 1 Introduction to Advanced Nutrition .......................................................................... 1

Chapter 2 Nutrition and the Cycle of Life .................................................................................... 15

Chapter 3 Nutrition, the Microbiota, and Chronic Disease ................................................... 41

Chapter 4 Metabolism of the Macronutrients ............................................................................... 57

Chapter 5 Energy .................................................................................................................................. 79

Chapter 6 Negative Energy Balance, Starvation, and Malnutrition ..................................... 101

Chapter 7 Exercise, Physical Activity, and the Energy Equation .......................................... 117

Chapter 8 Positive Energy Balance: Obesity .............................................................................. 129

Chapter 9 Regulation of Food Intake .......................................................................................... 151

Chapter 10 Nutrigenomics ............................................................................................................ 171

Chapter 11 Protein ........................................................................................................................ 201

Chapter 12 Carbohydrates ............................................................................................................. 257

Chapter 13 Lipids .......................................................................................................................... 305

Chapter 14 Macrominerals ............................................................................................................ 355

Chapter 15 Trace Minerals ............................................................................................................ 389

Chapter 16 Fat- Soluble Vitamins .................................................................................................. 435

Chapter 17 Water- Soluble Vitamins .............................................................................................. 491

Chapter 18 Case Studies ............................................................................................................... 561

Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 571

Index ................................................................................................................................................ 588

Biography

Carolyn D. Berdanier, PhD , is a Professor Emerita of Nutrition at the University of Georgia in

Athens, GA. She earned her BS degree from the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,

and MS and PhD degrees from Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. After a postdoctoral fellowship

year with Dr. Paul Griminger at Rutgers, she served as a research nutritionist at the USDA Human

Nutrition Institute in Beltsville, MD. At the same time, she also served as an assistant professor of

nutrition at the University of Maryland. Following these appointments, she moved to the University

of Nebraska, College of Medicine, and then in 1977 moved to the University of Georgia where she

served as the department head, Foods and Nutrition, for 11 years. She stepped down from this position

to resume full- time research and teaching with a special interest in diabetes. Her research has

been funded by a variety of funding agencies.

Dr. Berdanier has authored more than 120 research articles, contributed 40 chapters to

multiauthored books, prepared 45 invited reviews for scientifi c journals, and has edited/ coauthored

or sole authored 19 books. She has served on the editorial boards of the FASEB Journal , the

Journal of Nutrition, Biochemistry Archives, Nutrition Research , and the International Journal

of Diabetes Research . She also serves as an ad hoc reviewer for articles in her specialty for a

wide variety of scientifi c journals.

Lynnette A. Berdanier is a lecturer in the Department of Biology at the University of North Georgia,

Gainesville campus, Gainesville, GA. She teaches biology as well as anatomy and physiology and

medical microbiology. She earned her BS degree from the University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE, and

her MS degree in physiology from the University of Georgia, Athens, GA. She served as a lecturer at

Athens Technical College and at North Georgia College in Dahlonega prior to moving to her current

position at the University of North Georgia in Gainesville, GA. She has authored several research

articles and two books.

Patricia P. Araujo, RD(Northwestern Memorial Hospital )

**Description**
This textbook is written on the topic of advanced nutrition, incorporating
concepts from nutritional sciences, biochemistry, and physiology. In addition
to structural elements such as contents, tables, figures, headings, and
subheadings, the text also provides case studies to help readers apply the
concepts from the readings to real-world scenarios. The previous edition of
this book was published in 2015 and the current manuscript serves as the
updated and revised third edition.

**Purpose**
The purpose of this updated textbook is to provide contextualized information on
advanced nutrition comprehensibly for readers. The book has worthy objectives
as the topics included are vital for students in this field. Although related
books exist, this particular title has a considerable discussion in
nutrigenomics, which may make it particularly interesting for some. The book
meets its objectives by way of including relevant information for the
knowledgeable reader seeking to expand their knowledge in advanced nutrition;
however, it could be further edited and longer sections subdivided for clarity.


**Audience**
According to the authors, this textbook is written to the "advanced student" of
biochemistry and physiology who has an interest in gaining more knowledge on
the field of nutrition. This book can also be useful for the advanced nutrition
student who wants to gain more understanding on nutrition and biochemistry and
physiology, and might serve as a good resource for courses in this topic. The
authors of this text hold positions as professors or lecturers in well-known
universities and have advanced degrees (MS and PhD) in fields such as
physiology. The authors also have experience reviewing journals and authoring
articles, book chapters, and books. Together, the authors appear to have
adequate experience and seem well positioned to publish this textbook.

**Features**
The textbook covers various topics in advanced nutrition, including macro and
micronutrients, nutrient metabolism, energy balance, regulation of food intake,
nutrigenomics, and some clinical conditions related to nutrition. The book
covers particularly well topics in vitamins and minerals. Sections in the
textbook that could be improved include the discussion of pharmacotherapy and
surgical approaches to obesity. In addition, the book presents the topics of
energy balance and macronutrient metabolism before the discussion of the
macronutrients themselves. However, it might be clearer to have this ordering
reversed. Features of the textbook that are valuable for the reader include
tables with relevant external resources, such as tools for assessing diet
adequacy (table 1.4), and health-oriented organizations (table 1.10). Another
useful feature is the case studies, which might be helpful in a class or group
discussions, but less helpful for the sole reader since explanations for these
are not provided.

**Assessment**
This textbook is a useful resource for students seeking to expand their
knowledge on advanced nutrition. The book includes relevant topics in advanced
nutrition, the information included is comprehensive, and references are
pertinent. The book provides very relevant resources throughout, which are
undoubtedly helpful for the reader seeking access to additional credible
information; however, in my opinion, further editing could yield a text that is
clearer. Even so, this textbook provides a good review of the nutritional
sciences, it is useful for its intended audience, and it can be a worthy
addition to the reader seeking to expand their knowledge of advanced nutrition.


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Weighted Numerical Score: 87 - 3 Stars